I see where you could think this. But the metabolic pathway for food that is eaten is different from the metabolic pathway of things inhaled. Without writing a novel on the pathophysiology of the GI tract versus the gas exchange of the respiratory system, comparing vaping ingestion to food ingestion is like comparing apples to oranges...both in quantity and how the substances are broken down. Food is eaten, broken down, and the fats/sugars/proteins are extracted by the liver and small bowel and deposited into the bloodstream. When you vape, you are dealing with a gas exchange that occurs in the lungs as well as a mucosal absorption of material through the mucosal lining of the mouth, nose, lungs, etc. Look at the amount of food you eat that goes into the blood stream versus the amount of eliquid vaped. Very very different amounts. Also, look at the amount of actual vapor that is entering the body. It is infinitely smaller than the amount of food you consume at each meal.
Also, in regards to fasting, labs could actually be elevated simply by the act of fasting. When you do not eat, you tend to also not drink enough liquid. This creates a semi-dehydrated state in the body and lab values could be slightly higher than normal. Not uncommon at all. I would also look into having that lab re-drawn. Mistakes DO happen in the lab. If this triglyceride level was crazy high compared to your normal triglyceride readings in the past, I would have the lab redone. Just to make sure.
In regards to your triglyceride levels.....when did you have them checked the last time prior to this lab draw? Are you comparing recent numbers or numbers from a year ago? That would make a difference too. You also have to consider your overall health: food habits, exercise levels, and body fat composition also play into your cholesterol levels. Family genetic history is huge as well. Some people have what is called familial hypertriglyceremia...or a genetic cause for elevated triglycerides. I have seen patients with this condition and they have triglycerides in the 8,000 range. Strict diet is the only way to combat this problem.
Without knowing your health history, your eating habits, your exercise habits, and your previous triglyceride readings it is impossible to know what caused your recent high triglyceride labs. But no, the sweetness from vaping did not cause your elevated triglycerides. Could the VG have caused it? I would say it is remotely possible, not impossible, but most likely not the cause. If you think VG is contributing to this, I would switch to PG and have the lab re-drawn. That will give you some answers.
As before, good luck!