In the Mississippi federal district court, Big Time Vapes and the United States Vaping Association are
challenging the Tobacco Control Act itself, claiming that Congress unconstitutionally delegated its own proper authority away to the FDA. That case is still in progress, with the plaintiffs and FDA trading motions.
The case is based on the
doctrine of nondelegation, the legal theory that Congress cannot delegate its own legislative authority to executive agencies (like the FDA). Nondelegation is a popular idea among conservatives who want to limit the authority of unelected bureaucrats. A recent Supreme Court decision,
Gundy v United States, indicated that the high court may now be willing to
take a serious look at nondelegation.
In the D.C. district,
three lawsuits filed by small vaping vendors with the help of conservative/libertarian public interest law group the Pacific Legal Foundation have been consolidated into one. This suit contends that regulations carrying the force of law must be signed by federal employees who have been appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Deeming Rule was signed by a career civil servant—a similar angle the Big Time Vapes lawyers are pursuing, but not exactly. The PLF suit also challenges the Deeming Rule on First Amendment grounds, claiming the FDA has no right to prevent vape shops from telling their customers the truth about vaping’s relative safety.
In addition to those and other challenges to the Deeming Rule and Tobacco Control Act themselves, the Vapor Technology Association (VTA) has
sued to prevent the FDA from enforcing the May 2020 PMTA submission deadline. The new date was
imposed by a federal judge in Maryland earlier this year, and in fact the FDA recently announced it too would appeal that decision.