I have experienced something very similar, I don't really blame it on the vaping though. This seems to be the most likely cause to me after a lot of trial and error trying to figure out what's causing it. If my teeth begin to get sensitive I take a swig of water and swish it around my mouth, sensitivity gone. I really do think it has something to do with the vapor drawing out the moisture in your mouth. You may be ultra hydrated throughout the day but if you're not keeping your mouth hydrated while you're vaping it'll get dry quicker than you think.
I literally take a swig of water every 5min AT LEAST. Not even slightly exaggerating. If you ask anybody I know they will tell you that I probably have OCD for water. I am never, EVER, without water and it is not helping with the teeth pain issue. Thanks for the post though...
I also keep a 3 gallon jug of water in my room so I never have to get up to constantly get water, that is how much I drink. That jug usually lasts me 2-3 days.