You would have to know the size of the particulates you're trying to filter. Mesh and screen only work for larger particulates. Think sink strainer.
Other materials, cotton, stone, etc. have more surface area per cubic measurement and therefore will filter out smaller and more particulates. The normal cigarette filters for "light" cigarettes are probably very good filters because they can filter out much of the smoke particles (very small). That is one reason they are "light". You really have to draw hard to get any smoke.
But our bodies have natural filters anyway. Your nose and sinuses have the microscopic hairs and mucous to catch and wash away foreign material. Also the throat mucous picks up a lot. (how we deal with dust mites, pollen, mold spores). Even the lungs and respiratory system have this constant flow of mucos.
Most particulates are not a big concern. From what I can see, there are only 2 areas of concern:
1) If any of these particles are carcinogens like asbestos, etc.
2) chemicals in a gaseous state. The gas molecules are so small, very few filters (other than gas mask type cartridges) can stop them.
Most inhalted gases go directly into the lungs and can be quite damaging......carbon monoxide, etc. or when breathing the steam for a microwave popcorn bag which contains diacetyl.
People who cooked microwave popcorn and opened the newly steaming bag and inhaled "ah this smells good!" really put themselves at risk, for instance, because diacetyl is very lung-damaging. Most inhaled gases, other than what is normally in the atmosphere and the inert gases are just not very good for your lungs.
There are still a few juices out there that "contain a small amount of diacytl" and people say "oh it's only a little bit". I sure won't vape it.
If you want to do research on respiratory filters, start w/3-M and MSA ---- makes a lot of them for various industries.