Protected basically means that there is a small circuit board attached to the battery that provides overcharge and over-discharge protection to the cell itself. YES, they can go boom... and with these
batteries it is a fairly impressive BOOM if it happens. No, it is not common. one out of literally thousands honestly afaik. Often you will notice by your enclosure getting hot right before it happens from what I have read. When this happens,
throw the crap out of your pv... as far as you can, preferably away from other people. You don't want it in your hand when it melts down.