Does the capacity (mAh) of various batteries have any effect on the voltage drop when it is loaded? Or, put another way, does a larger capacity battery exhibit less of a voltage drop under load?
If the capacity is not a major factor in voltage drop, what factors are?
I don't know what exactly uou mean by 'voltage drop'. To me that infers the overhead a regulator needs to provide a set voltage. To maintain 5V out you will need about 1-2V
more going in, depending on the reg.
With your regulated mod get one of those gizmos and set your loaded volts.
As far as vapetimes it's about the true mAh of the cells, IMR/High drains are not needed with a stacked pair/regulator. With smaller cells the mAh is similar, but once you move to 18650s decent Li-Ions will always out last IMRs with a switching reg.
Look at this older test at a 2A drain. In a single cell mod that would be about a 1.9Ω atty/carto.
Sure the AW IMR (green trace) starts out a little higher, but compare it to the AW2600 Li-Ion (black trace).
All decent 18650 Li-Ions can supply 3+A without breaking a sweat.