How does one test the capacity of a battery? What equipment is used and so forth. Aside from just measuring your vape time and stuff. I often wonder about the stated capacities of many of my batteries. And I'm a pretty light vaper, yet I don't seem to get the average 6 hours from a 650 mAh battery.
A DC load/discharge tester, maybe like this one:
Battery Amp-hour Discharge Test Using an 8500 Series DC Electronic Load - YouTube
There are datalogging versions or data can be logged manually.
Several individuals have been doing testing like this, the results are available e.g. here:
Battery test-review small battery comparator
AkkuDB
There are one or two here on ecf that do testing but I have not seen their work collected anywhere.
So for example, using the small-battery comparator, you can see that the 700mah rated AW battery does as well or better than the Xtar 900mah battery at vaping amperages (2A+) down to vaping end voltages (~3.2v), even without taking into account the variable nature of vaping current.
The AW battery is also capable of 5A+ which the Xtar 900mah is not due to its protection circuitry, but the AW battery's chemistry would ensure better performance at that amp draw even if the Xtar was unprotected.
It's really not feasible for an individual to perform the kind of statistically valid tests I'm referring to. A good multimeter is a must have if you're going to get into mech mods and building your own atomizer. You can do some limited testing on your own, but your results will be anecdotal.
Ratings accuracy can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, and even from battery to battery from the same manufacturer. That's part of why dr g is skeptical about their accuracy (if I'm reading him right).
If a particular manufacturer has a very tight QC standard of say, +/- 5.0mAh with p=0.95 for his 650 class and his manufacturing standards are strictly controlled, then there is a 95% chance that a battery purchased from him will have a capacity of between 645 and 655mAh.
If another manufacturer allows more variability in capacity, say +/- 15.0mAh with p=0.95, then the range opens up to 635 to 665.
These are assumptions to demonstrate the process. I have no idea what the QC standards are at Efest, Panasonic, AWR, etc.
No, I'm not skeptical of their accuracy, most reputable manufacturers rate their batteries legitimately at *some* discharge current. Problem is that current is not standardized, nor is the end voltage, so the label rating is literally irrelevant without knowing those other factors.
Or a Tester can simply Relax the P-Value.
There are no Statistic Police that will Kick In your Door and Drag you Into the Street if you Don't Reject the Null Hypothesis based on a 95% Significance Level
Almost all end-user testing falls into this category, but provides actual useful data to compare batteries. Label ratings are useless.