I'd advise getting the 18650 extention tube. When you get into "mods" like you're doing, keep in mind the battery sizes. First, as a general rule of thumb, the bigger the battery, the longer you can vape with. The most popular sizes are either 18350, 18650, and 26650. The most popular size is the 18650 because it's a good size and holds a lot of Milliamp hours. Also, with that size, there is the widest variety of options to choose from. This is the option I recommend you go. The 18350 is the next recommended size, but that is popular not because of how much it holds, but because of how small it is. People go 18350 more for the size than anything else, but with that size, you'll be swapping for fresh batteries more often. The more recent addition is the 26650. It's as tall as the 18650, but it's bigger round. People who use these are more for capacity than anything else. I don't think your provari has an option for that.
Now,w hy the Provari chose 18500, I have no idea. It is between the 18650 and 18350 size wise. You'll be harder pressed to find a battery of that size, but they do exist. I personally think Provari was going for a smaller than your average mod size, yet wanted more capacity from the battery that a 18350 had.
If you have already ordered, I'd suggest getting the 18650 extention. My next suggestion would be to go for a good battery to go with the Provari. First, find one that offers a high amp limit. Even though your provari won't ever come close to the amp limit of most batteries, it's good advice to get one with at least a 10 amp limit at a minimum. 30 amp is recommended, but the provari will never draw more than 5 amps from the battery, but you always want to leave some comfort room. If you don't know what the amp limit is, or if it's generic, then assume it's less than 10 amp. Avoid anything with "fire" (Aka Fandyfire, Uniquefire, Trustfire, etc) in the name.. none of them are high amp limits.
Next, for battery, look for the highest Milliamp rating (AKA MaH). The higher the Miliamp rating, the longer the battery will last.
Lastly, look for the type of connector on the positive end. Usually it's either button top or flat top. I don't know what the Provari prefers, but some mods can be picky about that.
After the battery, look into getting a good battery charger. I recommend getting an Intellicore I2 or i4 charger. That's just my recommendation, but there are a few other good chargers out there.
And for recommendations, The IBTanked is a carto tank setup. I'm not a carto tank fan myself, but they do have their merits. If you're willing to experiment, look into getting a protank or an Aerotank. Those taste phenomenal. They also have a few clones out there if you're wanting to just test the concept.
Anyways, those are my thoughts... not too rough, just a few recommendations to get you started.