The output of the battery goes to the switch, output of switch goes to the regulator. Once the switch is depressed, the output of the battery energizes the regulator. Once the regulator is energized with the 6 or more volts, it outputs the regulated 5volts that goes to the atty. The negative side of the battery is connected to the ground pin of the regulator and outer housing of the battery connector. Here's a diagram I created.
I believe the resistor you are referring to is for LED, if you don't include a LED then you don't need any resistor.