Dr. Sill's information about nicotine's cardiovascular (CV) risk profile is outdated. In a workshop on long-term use of NRTs, nicotine safety and toxicity expert Dr. Neal Benowitz reported, "Meta-analyses showing increased risk of MI and stroke in ST users are heavily weighted by CPS-I and CPS-II, which are older US studies with many methodologic problems. More recent Swedish studies and an NHANES study indicate minimal if any increased risk of CVD with ST." Recently, the Greek cardiologist, Dr. Konstantinos Farsolinas has published results of direct testing of e-cigarette effects on heart health.
