I have no idea how long the battery life time would be on a passthrough Im afraid , I dont use one
A passthrough that incorporates a battery will not work without the battery installed.
there is no switch that disconnects the battery charger when you inhale, your just using the battery to power the ecig , the USB in turn charges the battery.
Passthroughs that don't use a battery run at 5V unless they carry a resistor circuit to reduce the voltage to 3.7v.
edit : oh , I see where you got that idea from :
The bolded text should really have read " run a passthrough that doesnt incorporate a battery"
If you use a mains USB hub then no yo dont need to plug it into your PC.
You can use USB wall chargers, but must make sure it has a high enough mA output ( 1000mA min. )