Australian outlets are 240v 50Hz
US is 120v 60Hz
Typically if a US AC adapter says on it that it handles 50/60Hz 120(or 110 or 100)-240v then you would just need a plug converter
If the AC adapter only was 110v or 120v (not 240v) then you need a voltage converter that can plug into a 240v AU socket and offers a 110-120V US socket. Those kind of travel voltage converters are pretty cheap (going from more voltage to less). then you would plug the 510 charger into the travel voltage converter.
If you need to know if the charger a particular retailer sells can hand 50/60Hz 110-240v, as the shop that is selling it.