A
hard short is a short circuit in the electrical conduction in a mod. This can be an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit intended to be at different voltages. This results in an excessive electric current/overcurrent...and potentially causes circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion.
A common type of short circuit occurs when the positive and negative terminals of a battery are connected with a low-resistance conductor, like a coil wire.
With low resistance in the connection, a high current exists, causing the battery to deliver a large amount of energy in a short time. A large current through a battery can cause the rapid buildup of heat, potentially resulting in the release of gas or in some cases flames or explosion. This is called "thermal runaway".
Signs to look out for that can indicate a hard short is about to occur is
the fire button becoming hot,
the mod itself becoming hot, or
the battery becoming hot. If using a collapsable hot spring, its collapse means enough heat was generated to cause it to melt. Something is causing the battery to work too hard and release too much energy too fast.
Regulated mods have built-in protection against situations which could allow a hard short to occur. These protections will either cause the processor to refuse to fire the atomizer, or actually shut itself off. This is intended to protect itself, the battery, and you.
A mechanical mod has no such protection. You must rely upon YOU to be the protection.
"In a mechanical mod with a metal piston switch and no wiring, your weak link is the battery. This is not a link you want to break while it is in close proximity to your face. Over taxing a battery in a mech can create a little pipe bomb.
Too many people are jumping into mechanical mods without understanding what they are getting into and not realizing it is not a care-free device like a Vamo. It requires more attention to details and a better understanding of all the variables. Too often people on forums say, " Mech mods are easy, just drop a battery in and go. I don't understand why others say it is not for beginners." Because if you don't understand all the things you need to watch for there is a serious chance of something possibly going wrong down the road.
Mech mods are not learning devices. They need to be understood before you begin to experiment with them. So far people have been lucky. Some people don't check the batteries they use, don't know what resistance their coils are at etc, and nothing has happened, giving a false sense of security to others to try the same things, but all it will take is one bad coil or one bad battery to change someone's face forever.
These batteries were not originally intended for what we are using them for. In fact, I have read that Panasonic, Sanyo, Sony, and Samsung, don't even like the fact that we're using these batteries because they were not intended for single cell, unprotected use in any device. The fact that they're available can be attributed to modders of flashlights, pen lasers, and bicycle electronics. A demand formed around those markets and it was filled by various folks, and then e-cigs came along and the demand skyrocketed.
With some basic knowledge of battery and mod limitations, and always using safe battery practices, using these batteries for vaping can be considered extremely safe. Just please always respect the power that are in them."
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Deeper Understanding of Mod Batteries
Mechanical Mod Proper Usage Guide
IMR and the relatively new hybrid batteries are "safer chemistry" batteries. They are more resistant to the stresses that batteries are exposed to, and are less likely to hard short than ICR "protected batteries". They can still fail and vent, but they will do so less dramatically and likely without flames. It's my opinion that with today's modern batteries, there is no reason to use an ICR protected battery, as IMR and hybrid batteries are a much safer alternative. (Unprotected ICR batteries should NEVER be used in a mod. These are sometimes seen for sale on Ebay and Amazon, and are intended only for flashlights, laptops, or similar applications.)
Battery Basics for Mods: IMR or Protected?
http://www.e-cigarette-forum.com/forum/ecf-library/129569-rechargeable-batteries.html