OldJoe, I always build my own computers and I make sure I choose quality components. I like to think that policy paid off today. No damage to the pc whatsoever. Even the USB port is still working.
No doubt some solid state circuit protection similar to my fuseless BMW motorcycles. Good you didn't have further damage.
Due to the somewhat sketchy reputation of these Chinese made devices, I've chosen to risk the USB charging on $10 hubs or wall-warts instead of my much harder to replace computer equipment.