Assume you're talking about comparing a USB Passthrough with a battery to power your PV.
A standard battery provides 3.x volts to your attomizer (the x depending on the model), while a batteryless PT provides (I believe) 5V. So, the later would consume
juice faster, all else being equal. It would also produce a better vape by most accounts.
If the PT has an inline battery, as many do, the battery 'regulates' the voltage to less than 5V and you most likely won't notice any increase in
juice consumption. Nor will you benefit from the higher voltage
vaping.