Hmmm. Decent examples. With the expired ingredients, that would seem like lack of quality control (manufacturing error). But the second one is more of what I'm getting at. If not obvious to chef, and chef is practicing good quality control, then I think they are already being responsible, and it is thus no one's responsibility that it was defective.
I'm not sure restaurant is good example because I imagine even if not defective, they'll reimburse in most cases. I've been with a person who regardless of how food is prepared, will always send it back when it first arrives. Thus claiming defective, and thus getting second order made for them, and I've never seen the restaurant dispute it. But reality is, I stopped going to restaurants with this person years ago. I heard they still routinely do this.
I also think many companies will reimburse with perception of defective invoked, but IMO, that doesn't amount to they knew they did something wrong/irresponsible and are taking responsibility to fix their error. I just see it as wonderful customer service, and that in many instances no one is responsible for the defective product instance.
Agreed. But if quality control shows A, B, and C are all good to go and X was produced accurately, but by time customer receives it is perceived as defective, then a few things could be the cause of this. One of those causes, in my opinion and/or experience is not the result of human actions.
I say perceived as defective because in some instances it isn't obvious. Here in this discussion we are aiming for obvious to help make the point simple, I think. But taking vaping for instance. If I order eLiquid flavor called "Strawberry Caramel" and I've had it before from same vendor, but in latest order it doesn't have the caramel after taste that I've come to expect, I'm going to perceive that as defective. If in reality of manufacturing that flavor, all ingredients are fresh and mixed with high quality assurances, then that strikes me as manufacturer did the process responsibly. But as part of this reality, it could be that some teeny tiny chemical component was altered slightly (not resulting in any harm to me the user) by flavor manufacturer, but is what the perceived difference is. Yet, without the caramel taste, it is a defective product. That's what I'm more or less trying to get across. Though even in this case, I am assuming some sort of human intervention that lead to the noticeable change, though also must say it is highly unlikely this would ever be communicated to me, unless I pressed and pressed to get an answer. So, I'll just chalk it up as 'defective' and likely move on.
To me, a better example (I think) is how we all accept that mechanical products will eventually wear down and stop working. Well if that was sped up to occur in say 1/10th the time, then that product would be defective. But if quality control for that particular product showed it as good to go from the manufacturer, then I don't see it as irresponsible action by manufacturer, and is just (for me) along lines of "act of nature" that it occurred. Make sense?