Right ballpark, but you need to work in power (watts) and total energy (Watt-hours).
A battery has a voltage and a current capacity (mAh). Say it is 4V, and the current capacity is 500 mAh. 4V x 500 mAh = 2000 mWh (milliWatt-hours) = 2Wh. That is the total energy in the battery.
Take a 2 ohm cartomizer, stick it on the battery. 3 volts / 2 ohms = 1.5 amps of current are pulled when it is firing, and the power draw when firing is 4 volts x 1.5 amps = 6 Watts. That 2Wh of energy is in theory enough to drive the cartomizer for 2Wh/6W = 1/3 hour of actual use time, 20 minutes.
Say you buy a mod with a boost regulator, and it can output 6V with that 3V battery. If you keep the 2 ohm cartomizer, you are now drawing 6V/2 ohms = 3 amps of current, and the power draw when firing is 6 volts x 3 amps = 18 Watts (three times the power).
That 2Wh of energy in theory can drive it for 2Wh/18W = 1/9 hour, about 6-1/2 minutes.
In reality, the boost regulator has an efficiency loss, so instead of 6-1/2 minutes you would get a bit less use. This is actual use time, the button pressed and cartomizer heating liquid.
(In reality, taking a 2 ohm cartomizer to 6V is probably not going to work well, the atomizer would pop and/or the
eliquid would taste like crud; though some people do like real high voltage
vaping they tend to use specialized atomizers with higher resistance.)