Does anyone know what makes up the brownish color in the majority of e-juices?
Depends on the producer. Nic oxides form naturally upon contact with air are yellow/brown. I think some of the Chinese juices are brown due to the extraction method they use to purify nic from tobacco, as well as contact with air. There have been some discussions about this. A rose color is sometimes seen with unflavored nic juices. Again, I think this is from nic-oxides. Vanilla flavor can often turn brownish in a
juice.
In general, however, the amount needed to significantly color a
juice is quite small, and the total amount of nic is virtually unchanged. I have yet to see any indication that yellowing is of any concern healthwise, but I doubt anyone has done the analysis needed to make definitive statements. Virtually all nic
juice in contact with the air will discolor.