Chemical etchants are really no biggie. It's only ferric acid that's really nasty (which I still use because it's fast, just don't spill it on anything).
Back in the day before inexpensive fabs and cheap laser printers, I used to make my PCB patterns using various widths of thin masking tape you could
buy for that purpose. You could also get little dots with holes for your vias and component mounts. Made a number of boards that way and it does the job nicely, though tedious and time consuming. So...you could simply use any fine tape to lay out patterns for etching. Probably find all kinds of that stuff at a crafts store.
I've also made very simple boards to land single SMD components on a solderless breadboard by simply filing away copper to make pads. Dremel or hand file or even a carpet knife will do the job. It's quick and easy when you only need a couple three cuts. Anything more complex than that, I lay out my patterns with toner transfer then etch. When my boards are really involved, I pay to have them fabricated. It keeps getting cheaper and cheaper with all the various co-op and proto services popping up on the net.