How do you know when a carto need filling, other than the burnt taste? I have kept mine constantly wet for a few days now in fear of running it dry.
The first sign of a carto running low on juice is a slight drop off in flavor. That's followed by a dropoff in vapor if you don't add a few drops. If you go past that point, burning of the filler occurs and it starts tasting nasty.
Over a few days to as much as a week, you will start to notice a carto developing a hard draw from the filler packing down. Even if it still tastes good at that point, it's on the way out.
When you first fill a carto, the filler looks grey. As the juice is used, the filler will turn white on top. That's a definite sign that you need to add a few drops. When I use cartos, I pop off the drip tip every 30 minutes or so and check. If it's white and dry, I add some juice until it looks slightly slushy. Experience is the best teacher, but you develop a feel for impending flavor change.
First fill is crucial to longevity. I like the condom method. The filler gets to soak in and overfilled condition for a while. You can blow it out if necessary, but first fill saturation is key to long life.