Matt and his colleagues studied nicotine levels as a marker for other chemical residues from
tobacco smoke in the dwellings of 100 smokers and 50 nonsmokers who were planning to move out of their homes. The researchers measured the chemical in the air and on surfaces, such as walls, ceilings and floors. At the same time, they checked for nicotine on the fingertips of the residents of the 150 homes and a nicotine breakdown product called cotinine in urine samples from children.
Next, the researchers looked at nonsmokers who moved into 25 of the homes that had formerly been occupied by smokers. Once again, Matt and his colleagues measured nicotine on the adults finger tips and cotinine in the childrens urine.
The results were striking. Even after the smoker homes had been vacant for two months, nicotine levels in the air were 35 to 98 times as high as they were in nonsmoker homes. Nicotine measured on surfaces was 30 to 150 times as high in the former homes of smokers compared to what was found in dwellings of nonsmokers.
More troubling were the findings of nicotine on or in the bodies of nonsmokers who had moved into dwellings formerly occupied by smokers. Nicotine levels were seven to eight times higher on the fingertips of nonsmokers whod moved into a smokers home compared to nonsmokers who had always lived in a nonsmoking home. Children whod moved into a home formerly occupied by a smoker had three to five times as much cotinine as those who lived in a nonsmoking home.