There are three main types of smoke detectors: optical, ionization and sampling. The most common ones are the ionization - like in our homes - that detect particles of smoke and will not be triggered by vapor that does not have particulates. Sampling detectors are quite advanced and look for specific burn products and will not be triggered. The optical ones may be triggered by vapor if it is thick enough and blown towards them because it prevents those laser beams from reaching their targets.
The sprinklers may be actuated from a central command center based on input from smoke detectors or they may be triggered directly by temperature (they have a melting... cork in them and if that melts there is a drop in pressure in the pipes that triggers the system).
Bottom line - if you can inquire what type of sensors are in your building, do so. If not, just make sure you do not blow thick clouds directly to the sensor. As you vape, blow the steam downwards, it has a natural tendency to float down anywhay. You can blow it down your shirt or into your sleeve if you are really worried. Otherwise, it shouldn't be a problem...