Yes it was most likely dangerous to use an unknown 500 mA USB wall adapter when the specification was 1,000 mA. The adapter is rated for the current (mA) that it is safe to use at. The charger is built into the mod and the one in the Coolfire 4 will draw (ask for) almost 1,000 mA of current. The adapter will give it that 1,000 mA and if it's rated safe at less than that unless it's a smart adapter that will limit it's output to what it can handle will put out the amps asked of it and heat up.
I have a VaporShark DNA40 mod that has a 2500 mAh battery in it and the only way to charge it is through the USB connection. The VS has a quick charger built in that completes a partial charge in about an hour. I tried charging with a dumb 1A (1,000 mA) adapter and it got really hot. I then bought a good quality 2.1A adapter and have not had any problems with it. It warms up a bit, but it handles it well enough for me to be comfortable with it. Not all adapters are created equal though and I would not do this with a $4 adapter no matter what the specs on it were.
You can use any good adapter that has a rating of 1,000 mA or more. The charger in the mod will not take more than 1,000 mA from the adapter.
ETA: I just read your other thread Elizabeth. The port you use on an adapter needs to have the proper amp rating. My adapter will put out a maximum of 2.1 amps between 2 ports, but it will deliver all that to one port if the other port is not used. With the two ports in use it splits the 2.1 amps between them.