It's not the acceleration that separates the components but rather the centrifugal force. Acceleration is a change in velocity, and once the centrifuge has reached it's working speed (velocity) the acceleration is zero.
WELL!!! If you're going to get technical, it's not centrifugal force either. That's imaginary. It's actually inertia. If left to their own
devices, objects in a centrifuge will head off at a 90 degree angle to the radius of the centrifuge. The centrifuge exerts a force constraining that movement. If you're in the centrifuge that force is felt as centrifugal force but, that's only because of the frame of reference.
You are saying there's no angular acceleration, therefore there's no acceleration. However, that's not the case. Acceleration is a change in velocity. At any point, an object in a centrifuge has velocity at a 90 degree angle to the radius of the centrifuge and no velocity in any other direction. However, a second later the direction of that velocity has changed because the object is at a different angle. To accomplish that change in direction, the object was accelerated linearly rather than angularly. Force is mass times acceleration. Without that linear acceleration centrifugal force would never be felt.
SHEESH!! I never should have gotten that degree in ME.
