Looks like it might work, the power output seems like it would be right on the edge of what you would need to drive an atomizer (depending on the impedance of your atomizer). I guess you could give it a try and see if it's enough.
If you want to try it, you're going to need 2 - 100uF capacitors (one from pin 2 to ground and one from pin 4 to ground), and if you're looking for 5V output, you can omit the resistor from pin 1 to 3, as without that resistor, the boost circuit defaults to 5V output. Look at page 7 of this document for circuit description / application:
http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ptn04050c.pdf
I can't tell you about the battery charging capabilities by adding a USB plug, I charge all my batteries with an external charger since I didn't want to add the circuit complexity of a built in battery charger to any of my mods (unless of course you can remove the battery charging circuitry from another device and add it to your mod).