Addict Behav. 2013 Nov 10. pii: S0306-4603(13)00372-9. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.002. [Epub ahead of print]
Tobacco harm reduction: The need for new produc... [Addict Behav. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI
Karl Fagerström developed the "FTND" test -- the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence -- in 1978. The FTND has been used in many scientific studies. More recently, he has changed the name of the test to FTCD -- the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence -- to emphasize that while nicotine is a necessary component for regular tobacco use, it is not sufficient.
One of his bullet points in this article is "There is no evidence for the abuse of pure nicotine".
Determinants of Tobacco Use and Renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence
[h=1]tobacco harm reduction: The need for new products that can compete with cigarettes.[/h]Fagerström KO, Bridgman K.
[h=3]Source[/h]Fagerström Consulting AB, Vaxholm, Sweden. Electronic address: karl.fagerstrom@swipnet.se.
[h=3]Abstract[/h]Over the last 50years, the concept of tobacco harm reduction has been well established. It is now understood that nicotine itself is not very harmful and nicotine replacement therapy products have been widely used as an aid to quit, reduce to quit or temporarily abstain from smoking for many years. The popularity of the unlicensed electronic cigarette has increased despite an unknown risk profile and snus use in Sweden provides strong evidence in support of a harm reduction strategy. The regulatory environment around harm reduction has changed in the UK and is continuing to evolve across the globe. The need for more appealing, licensed nicotine products capable of competing with cigarettes sensorially, pharmacologically and behaviourally is considered by many to be the way forward. The significant positive impact on public health that could be gained from encouraging people to switch from cigarettes to licensed medicinal nicotine products cannot be ignored.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tobacco harm reduction: The need for new produc... [Addict Behav. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI
Karl Fagerström developed the "FTND" test -- the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence -- in 1978. The FTND has been used in many scientific studies. More recently, he has changed the name of the test to FTCD -- the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence -- to emphasize that while nicotine is a necessary component for regular tobacco use, it is not sufficient.
One of his bullet points in this article is "There is no evidence for the abuse of pure nicotine".
Determinants of Tobacco Use and Renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence