Is it a measurement or what?
Basically it is the size,
threading and gender (M or F type) of the threads on an atomizer. There are of course corresponding threading for the battery as well. But in terms of say a '510
mod' - it's a battery
mod that has an adapter for the 510 atomizer. The eGo has a 510 connector for the 510 atomizer but the battery itself wouldn't be considered a "510". The regular 510 kit battery would be a "510 battery". Same for the other models. There are some 'exceptions' as well - while the KR808D-1 and the 901 have the same threading - a 901 battery still needs and adapter to use a KR8 cartomizer. But a KR8 battery can use a 901 atty without an adapter. The reason for that is the 901 batt blocks the air channels of a cartomizer. There are a few other cases where while the Brand and Compatibility chart will show the same threading, an atomizer still might not work on a particular battery. But that's a rare occurrence.