I've read about that study. It's noted in the study itself(but unfortunately not reports on the study), humans naturally exhale trace amounts of formaldehyde, and levels detected could be just from breath rather than the
ecig. As for acetaldehyde, one study showed the levels in certain
ecig vapor to be 1/400+ of an actual cig, so very miniscule. But, again, humans exhale trace amounts of that as well, so that could also be a product of the exhale. I will try to find the link to where I got this in a min. edit, here is the link:
German Cancer Research Center and the case of formaldehyde in e-cigarettes Countless mistakes, impressive misinformation Also, please note we are talking parts per billion in the study, many types of fruits have entire milligrams of naturally formed formaldehyde in them, the levels detected in the study are no where near that, about 3ppb per cartaridge, which again was probably from the person's breath and not the ecig, and normal indoor air is up to 80ppb.
The best way to put it is this:
The ingredients in your liquid should be identical to what's in your vapor. Ecigs do not reach combustion temps so there shouldn't be an issue of ingredients breaking down into other things. Any levels of anything else detected could be from low quality chinese fluid, cheap plastic ecigs, or burning. If you have a high quality ecig and american juice, non of these should be a factor.