You can't vary the resistance in one atty, but you can buy different attys that have different resistance ratings. The number on an atty is the model number. Actually, "style" number would be more accurate, since different manufacturers sometimes give different model names/numbers for the same style. For instance, you can get a 510 style atty from half a dozen different manufacturers, and they'll all have different resistances. Since these things aren't always manufactured to high quality standards, there can even be some variation in resistance between individual attys of the same make/model.
An authentic Joye 510 will measure around 2.3ohms. There are low resistance 510s that measure 1.5ohms and high voltage 510s that measure as high as 4 ohms. The lower the resistance, the higher the current flow, which means it runs hotter. Lower resistance in an atty is like putting a bigger valve on the side of your water tank.
The down side to higher voltage is that if you go too high, you will burn the liquid instead of vaporizing it. You'll also burn out attys faster. Unlike many things, "more" is not always better. What you want is the "sweet spot" somewhere between 5 and 9 watts. Some like it a bit higher, others a bit lower. But whatever your preference, you need to figure in the voltage and resistance to determine the watt output of your setup. I find
this calculator takes the headache out of the process.