Most vendors have stopped using the butter flavored flavoring that causes issues with the lungs. (if-not ALL reputable vendors) and as-far as extracting nicotine, it can be EASILY done with tobacco leaf, sure. You can extract nicotine from fresh and dried tobacco leaf easily enough. (i've done it) however, extracting nicotine from things like eggplant, tomatoes, and potatoes, would be close to impossible. They simply do not create enough of the nicotine alkaloid to produce a successful nicotine crystal flush... This is why caterpillars might eat your tomatoes without fail, but you'll actually more-likely find them dead at the bottom of your tobacco plant's stem, than on-top, munching the deadly leaves. haha.
As for vaping being less dangerous than smoking cigarettes, you may be wrong... Vaping is actually completely un-dangerous, when compared to smoking cigarette or cigar tobacco.

I have read plenty of studies in my day, and many of them tell us that while vapor CAN prove to have some dangerous substances, each and every substance that was found in our vapor, is found in cigarettes at levels 200, 500, 600, 800, 1000x more than our vapor. So, if you were smoking for 10 years prior to switching to vaping, EVERY substance in our vapor, was already in cigarette tobacco, 500-1000 times the amount in vapor. As-far as those substances found to be in our nicotine vapor --- The study proved that the amounts found in our vapor, are slim to non-existent. In-fact, the study actually revealed to us, that MOST substances that can be found in nicotine vapor, can also be found already in the human body, being made NATURALLY in low levels, by the human body ITSELF!! Yes, more than half of the "dangerous" substances found in our vapor, are all made naturally inside of us, each and every day! So, your non-vaping mother, your non-vaping brother in law, and your non-vaping 6 month old nephew, ALL have more than 50% of the "dangerous" substances in our vapor, in THEIR bodies, from natural production. (rolling my eyes) So, don't tell me that vaping is LESS dangerous than smoking cigarettes. No, vaping isn't LESS dangerous, vaping is NOT dangerous, in my personal, humble opinion.