Such a sudden behavior change shouldn't be caused by vaping 0 nic.
I had a good (older) kid who was willing to work with me, but he didn't completely change to aberrant behaviors the minute I told him no about something. With that said, yours is 13, he may genuinely feel that way, or he may be trying desperately to get his vape back.
GIVEN the fact that he began skipping school and etc the minute you set a limit though, that kind of shows he isn't responsible enough to respect your limits and/or not bring the vape places he should not, which places you at a greater risk as his mother that he will do something insanely dumb with it.
Having grown a kid AND worked with many other families (I am therapist) I actually second Topwater Elvis's advice. I know it is very scary to have your son act this way, I'm sure, doing all this over a 0 nic vape is concerning-- either his cognitive reasoning skills aren't were they need to be yet, or he is genuinely suicidal and needs help. I would suggest finding a family counselor.
Because you've taken his vape away and he has immediately started testing the waters DO NOT give his vape back, you will be rewarding either suicidal behavior when you don't do what he wants, or you will further reinforce acting out behaviors to get what he wants. The solution can NEVER be "You can have your vape back" at this point. Do you want to have to go through the same cycle when you find other MORE illegal substances in his room and he becomes "suicidal" or suicidal (faked or not)? Because if you give his vape back NOW then that is what you are setting yourself up for the rest of his adolescence. Do not do that to YOURSELF or YOUR FAMILY, it will be a total nightmare. Just my thoughts, again, you are going to have to do what you need to do.
I'm not entirely certain that your son ISN'T using 0 nic and no "additive" liquid, but you could get the bottle tested, or buy an at home urine test kit (they aren't that much) and find out exactly what else he is getting into. Also, if he continues to hold fast to the "suicidal ideation," then a few days on a locked unit may help him (if it's real, or if it's merely a threat.) Sometimes taking teens and their threats at face value can be absolutely helpful in terms of learning a lesson, or becoming less suicidal. .I still think a psychological evaluation may be in order, from a doc who can decide if he needs inpatient or not. With the threat of that, you will be able to discover if he is sincere, or messing with you. I'd actually hope for the latter, myself, although harsh and real boundaries can be hard to enforce. You should also report him to the truancy board at his school (IMO).
Best of luck,
Anna