About fuses for the DNA40...
By Modder Mamu on Sunday, November 23, 2014 at 6:26am
Any modder has the option to add/not add fuses, but let's educate ourselves about why it's a good idea to add a fuse...
The primary reason for using a fuse is for circuitry overcurrent protection and also catastrophic batt failure protection if the batt itself fails and internally shorts. Secondary and an added benefit to overcurrent protection, some fuses (not all) will protect both the electronics and the batt from reverse polarity damage if a batt is inserted backwards.
The DNA40 has onboard reverse polarity protection as well as overcurrent protection, so if using a single 18650 batt, both the batt and the DNA40 are protected - adding a fuse here would be redundant to the onboard overcurrent and reverse polarity protection. However, if using dual parallel batts the DNA40 is protected from reverse polarity conditions and overcurrent conditions (with extreme current it may not - see below), but the batts are NOT protected.
With dual parallel batts and without protection (fuse or P-FET) on each batt, if one batt is inserted backwards the DNA40 will not be affected as it is protected, but the batt is not protected and will immediately get hot, hot, hot and vent due to the polarity short. Some fuses (i.e., Littelfuse 2920L700SLPR for the DNA40) when used singly on each batt in a dual batt parallel configuration will protect each batt from reverse polarity damage if one batt is inserted backwards. Nothing will happen if one batt is inserted backwards - no heat, no venting, no smoke.
So, let's take another situation that could (although rare but lol Murphy's Law and all that) occur if you don't add fuses when using dual parallel batts in the
mod. One batt internally fails and shorts itself. ALL the current from that bad batt will be dumped into the good batt causing that good batt to also fail. With not having fuse protection, there is no telling what next might occur, but the huge current dump that now exists in the system could travel to the electronics and cause failure there (depends on the converter's onboard overcurrent limit and if the current dump exceeds that limit). Remember, we're working with high drain batts here and in some cases in the neighborhood of 60A or higher. If the extreme current dump from dual batt failure exceeds the DNA40's overcurrent limit, the DNA40 most likely won't survive - it'll get hot hot hot and release the magic smoke.
If you have wired a common fuse (2x in parallel connected common to both batts on the batt + end) and one batt fails and internally shorts itself, ALL the current from the bad batt will be dumped into the good batt causing that good batt to also fail. But with fuse protection, although common to both batts, the current stays at the batt level (i.e., the fuses protect the electronics).
If you have a fuse wired individually to each batt + and if one batt fails and internally shorts itself, the good batt will be protected by its fuse (no current from the bad internally shorted batt would be dumped into the good batt), plus the current stays at the batt level.
There you have it. But like I said, it's the modder's option.
The most basic safety
device for a battery is a fuse...
Battery Safeguards; Protection Circuits