The "Key" to "THE" potential all natural Throat hit substitute.

[Atmosphere]

First an foremost I am not a Doctor. The following is just my shared opinion and experience. This information is not intended to treat diagnose or cure any illness or disease. If you have, or suspect you have a health problem you should consult your physician.

Hello everyone I'm new to this forum and I want to share some thoughts and hopefully gather everyone's attention to this thread as I believe I have found a potential substitute for achieving throat hit with zero nic.

Now I have searched the forum for similar topics but rather than add to them I decided to created a new thread to keep all this info and experimentation on this specific substance in one place. You will see what I mean by the time you finish reading this thread.

"What is this substance?" You are probably asking yourself. It is called Lobelia inflata a.k.a Indian tobacco. You may have heard of it before. I have also searched this forum for "lobelia" and to my surprise only found one thread. And it seemed as if the person was not well educated about this healing herb.

To learn more about this herb you can follow this link: http://www.care2.com/c2c/groups/disc.html?gpp=14557&pst=1165926

There you will find a written interview by an herbalist Dr. Schulze. You may have heard of him as well.

Note: in this written interview Dr. Schulze is quoted saying: (When a patient ingests lobelia tincture) "The FIRST thing, that they'll notice, is a SCRATCHY or a BURNING feeling at the back of their Throat, because that's what the Lobeline in the Lobelia does. It's VERY SIMILAR to the feeling that you would get, if you chewed some Tobacco and swallowed it."

Now I have taken this herbal tincture and from what I've experienced first hand is this is in fact true. It is VERY SIMILAR to the sensation i.e. "throat hit" you get from nicotine.

Other facts about lobelia:

"Lobeline" the herbs active ingredient Binds to the same receptors in the brain as nicotine, thus reducing or eliminating cravings.

Lobelia is non addictive.

Lobelia is an expectorant it'll help to get rid of the tar that's in your lungs.

Lobelia is a muscle relaxant.

I should note that over consumption can result in nausea and vomiting similarly to tobacco. But I've smoked a whole tobacco pipes worth with no issues.

I've also taken loabelia tincture at double, even triple, the recommended dosage from a 2:1 tincture(Two parts alcohol one part lobelia herb) Without any issues. But everyone is different so use at your own risk. Also the tincture Dr. Schulze makes uses lobelia seeds which is way more potent in lobeline than the whole herb.

So why did I create this thread? I did so first and foremost because I believe this herb can be used as a substitute for nicotine in the sense that it can resemble throat hit and reduce or eliminate cravings. With other added benefits as well.

Secondly because I'm looking for a way to incorporate this herb into e liquids(as some of you might know already. I've got some ideas myself, but please share yours) and still achieve the same effects, or as close to as possible, as nicotine.

And lastly with the hopes that I will encourage you all as an online community to do your own research, experimentation, and share your results right here in this thread.

Thank you ECF.
Good luck everyone.
All the best.

-Mos

 

[Atmosphere]

Secondly because I'm looking for a way to incorporate this herb into e liquids(as some of you might know already. I've got some ideas myself, but please share yours) and still achieve the same effects, or as close to as possible, as nicotine.

Just to contribute my ideas for incorporating lobelia into e liquid.

1. Adding a few drops of lobelia tincture to your e liquid.
2. Making a Lobelia VG tincture and using that in your e liquids.
3. (For e liquid recipes that require water) Make a lobelia tea and use that in place of the water.

Just some thoughts. Hope people get as excited about this as I am and share their Ideas and experimental results.

-Mos

 

[Izan]

 

[Dr3wsk1e]

Also, you could just use Jalepeno flavoring...at 1% or less it provides a "peppery" taste that emulates Nicotine perfectly.

 

[Jeffydoo]

Hi Atmosphere,

First an foremost thank you very much on this information and detailed description of the herb mentioned above,

How about providing a guesstimate/estimate as to how does the amount or concentration of lobelia tincture in terms of quantity(volume/drops) compares with nic concentration of say, 6mg/ml, 9mg/ml, so on and so forth..

Perhaps for those who are going to try eventually can start to get the ball rolling..
I'm trying to DIY some juice myself and might want to consider lobelia tincture as an alternative.

Jeff

 

[Valanda]

I encourage those who might jump on the lobeline path to do some research on the subject. I just finished searching PubMed and EBSCO and didn't find anything very flattering about this compound in relation to smoking/nicotine cessation.

I have not figured out how to make pretty links here yet (maybe I am not able to so do to post count), but I rapidly found over 20 articles (all negative) speaking of using lobeline in the place of nicotine. Though some of them did mention some other potential benefits.

Here is just a brief copy of one particularly bold statement, this is from a more common site WebMD, but it does have links to the source information if those that read this are not comfortable searching EBSCO or PubMed. This was found just by typing Lobelia into that site.

"In manufacturing, lobelia is used in cough preparations and counterirritant products. Some stop-smoking products around the world include lobelia as an ingredient. But since 1993, manufacturers have not been allowed to include lobelia in stop-smoking products sold in the U.S. That’s when research found that lobelia doesn’t make stop-smoking products any more effective." --WebMD

 

[we2rcool]

I encourage those who might jump on the lobeline path to do some research on the subject. I just finished searching PubMed and EBSCO and didn't find anything very flattering about this compound in relation to smoking/nicotine cessation.

I have not figured out how to make pretty links here yet (maybe I am not able to so do to post count), but I rapidly found over 20 articles (all negative) speaking of using lobeline in the place of nicotine. Though some of them did mention some other potential benefits.

Here is just a brief copy of one particularly bold statement, this is from a more common site WebMD, but it does have links to the source information if those that read this are not comfortable searching EBSCO or PubMed. This was found just by typing Lobelia into that site.

"In manufacturing, lobelia is used in cough preparations and counterirritant products. Some stop-smoking products around the world include lobelia as an ingredient. But since 1993, manufacturers have not been allowed to include lobelia in stop-smoking products sold in the U.S. That’s when research found that lobelia doesn’t make stop-smoking products any more effective." --WebMD

Fwiw, those of us with experience/knowledge in herbalism and 'alternative health' know that 'those with the money' are constantly "proving" that herbs & alternative are not effective (or unsafe) - when they've been empirically proven to be effective (and safe) for decades - if not centuries.

For anyone that would like to learn more about how "official studies & research" are tainted or misleading, here's a great article (by an MD): Dr. Foster's Essentials - Breaking News in Health

We know several people that have used lobelia effectively to quit smoking - and many more that were able to lessen their habit & withdrawal effects using it (including ourselves).

Lobelia is an herb that is decidedly 'dose dependent', not to mention that typical herbal tinctures & preparations are made VERY poorly. (edit: 95% of all commercial herbs are grown, dried & prepared for shipping in third-world countries. Growing/harvesting and especially drying must be done meticulously & correctly - which doesn't happen when they're being grown/harvested-dried by slave labor and ultra hot commercial/bulk dryers). Don't buy/try your herbs from Wallyworld or even your local 'health/mall store' and expect to get a product that truly represents the herb you're trying)

'Not wanting to start a debate here - we just wanted to point that out.

 

[Crunktanium]

I smoked sage in my teenage years while living on a ranch in the Utah desert and it provides killer TH.

Not sure if I would vape it but if anyone wants to give it a shot.

 

[Atmosphere]

Also, you could just use Jalepeno flavoring...at 1% or less it provides a "peppery" taste that emulates Nicotine perfectly.

Thanks Dr3wsk1e.

 

[smitty727]

This is an interesting thread as I would like to avoid nicotine use altogether. I've tried going to lower nic levels but TH decreases drastically with lower nic. Would be great to be able to get good TH without nicotine. Any info on long term use of Lobeline? I love vaping and not really interested in using Lobeline short term as a tool for quitting but more interested in removing nicotine while maintaining TH in my juice.

 

[Jeffydoo]

Well, anyone tried this so far?
perhaps this should be sticky..

 

[Atmosphere]

This is an interesting thread as I would like to avoid nicotine use altogether. I've tried going to lower nic levels but TH decreases drastically with lower nic. Would be great to be able to get good TH without nicotine. Any info on long term use of Lobeline? I love vaping and not really interested in using Lobeline short term as a tool for quitting but more interested in removing nicotine while maintaining TH in my juice.

Same here smitty. I personally have not come across any documented studies on long term use of lobelia because I have not searched for them. But as I understand it, Dr. Schulze recommends taking it daily, at the proper dosage.

 

[Atmosphere]

Hi Atmosphere,

First an foremost thank you very much on this information and detailed description of the herb mentioned above,

How about providing a guesstimate/estimate as to how does the amount or concentration of lobelia tincture in terms of quantity(volume/drops) compares with nic concentration of say, 6mg/ml, 9mg/ml, so on and so forth..

Perhaps for those who are going to try eventually can start to get the ball rolling..
I'm trying to DIY some juice myself and might want to consider lobelia tincture as an alternative.

Jeff

Jeffydoo,

that is a great question but tough to answer and someone please add to this if they get the concept. For one, we're comparing two different extracts. One is pure nicotine and the other is a plant extraction of the whole herb lobelia with Lobeline just being one of the 14 different alkaloids present in the plant.

If we were extracting pure Lobeline my guess would be to use equal parts for substituting lobeline for nicotine.

However I am aware that Dr. Schulze recommends one dropperful of his lobelia tincture per cigarette craving so I hope that helps at leaste form a theory if someone wishes to do the math.

 

[Atmosphere]

Well, anyone tried this so far?
perhaps this should be sticky..

I should be getting some Lobelia tincture soon, I plan on just adding a few drops or so to some 0 Nic liquid in my tank and see what happens. I'll play with it and share my results here.

 

[we2rcool]

Here some factoids we have learned/amassed over our years as herbalists (we've been making lobelia tincture for almost 10 years).

--Dr. Schulze no longer makes/offers Lobelia tincture
--The quality of 95% of retail herbal preparations (particularly tinctures) is DISMAL...not tinctured properly; too little herb used; wrong part of herb used; poor quality herb used (almost all are grown/harvested/dried in toxic conditions/third world countries/slave labor, etc - overdried/burnt then doused with pesticides/irradiated).
--The quality of a tincture can only be as good as the quality of the herb. It MUST be properly grown, fertilized, nurtured, harvested at the correct time in the growing cycle, dried slowly/gently - and used before the various phytochemicals/alkaloids start fading away.
--For a quality lobelia tincture, it must be made using properly harvested/dried upper plant parts - INCLUDING SEEDS/PODS. It would be best if only the seeds/pods were utilized - but there is no longer any vendor that sells only the seeds/pods. One can buy just the seeds (for around $200 a pound), but then one doesn't get the benefits of the chemicals in the plant pods.
--Water & alcohol do not extract all of lobelia's chemicals - vinegar/acid must be used as well
--Just like with any drug or herb, one has to use an adequate amount to get the known/desired effect (i.e., one can't take 1/8th of an aspirin when the dosage is 2 aspirin, and expect to experience the known effects of aspirin). With a top-quality lobelia tincture, it will take somewhere between 5-30 drops (taken all at once) to reduce a nicotine urge. There is no way one can get that much into a person 'at one time' via vaping
--There are only two retailers (of which we're aware) that offer top-quality lobelia tincture. One is Herb Pharm and the other is Health Freedom Resources - however, I have not confirmed whether or not HFR uses vinegar in their tincturing process (I just know their quality is typically extremely high).
--A really really really potent lobelia tincture might provide something akin to 'throat hit' when used in small amounts, but it'd likely have to be double/triple tinctured (a double tincture is one where the first strained/pressed tincture is used as the menstruum for "re-tincturing" with new herbs).
--It is tough to find organic lobelia herb with the seed pods. It can be found at Mountain Rose Herbs and Pacific Botanicals if you're interested in tincturing your own.

We do not mean to discourage anybody from giving lobelia a try. We just want to make sure folks understand that one must use "enough" of a top-quality tincture to achieve the results and known benefits of that herb. We've dealt with FAR too many disgruntled/discouraged people that say, "I've tried 'xyz herb' and it did nothing; this whole herbal thing is a crock"...when the only problem was they were using a very dismal product and/or not using nearly enough of a good one.

Of course, even in miniscule "non therapeutic" sized dosages, one does get the basic 'energy' of the herb (and sometimes the 'aroma-therapy' type benefits). So it's likely possible to somewhat reduce nicotine cravings by just inhaling a small part of a drop. 'Just don't expect to get the results you're reading of if you don't use the same quality of products and dose sizes suggested.

 

[Atmosphere]

This is fantastic we2rcool, thank you for contributing.

Love the idea of re-tincturing. And I am glad you shared these resources. Mountain rose herbs also carries lobelia tincture and that is where I received my tincture from.

I agree with most of what you said but wish to have your opinion and clarification on a couple of things.

For one:

--A really really really potent lobelia tincture might provide something akin to 'throat hit' when used in small amounts, but it'd likely have to be double/triple tinctured

When you say throat hit, are you referring to throat hit from vaporizing lobelia infused e liquid or taking the tincture orally. Because the lobelia tincture I received from mountain rose herbs (which is a 1:2 ratio,) provided a significant scratchy/burning throat sensation.

If you are refering to lobelia being vaporized, if you have done so, please share how you did it and your results.

And two:

With a top-quality lobelia tincture, it will take somewhere between 5-30 drops (taken all at once) to reduce a nicotine urge. There is no way one can get that much into a person 'at one time' via vaping

What if one were to use a lobelia glycerine(VG) extract and a lobelia alcohol tincture in their DIY E-Liquid. Would this not get us closer to the desired effect? In theory, the more we re-tincture something doesn't that number of 5-30 drops go down. For example re-tincturing something once would make those numbers drop to 2.5-15 does it not?

 

[we2rcool]

This is fantastic we2rcool, thank you for contributing.

You're more than welcome!

Love the idea of re-tincturing. And I am glad you shared these resources. Mountain rose herbs also carries lobelia tincture and that is where I received my tincture from.

I agree with most of what you said but wish to have your opinion and clarification on a couple of things.

Hopefully our opinion will provide some help or insight

For one:

When you say throat hit, are you referring to throat hit from vaporizing lobelia infused e liquid or taking the tincture orally. Because the lobelia tincture I received from mountain rose herbs (which is a 1:2 ratio,) provided a significant scratchy/burning throat sensation. If you are refering to lobelia being vaporized, if you have done so, please share how you did it and your results.

We were referring to the sensation one gets when taking it orally (putting it undiluted, directly on your tongue...or just squirting a few drops or dropperful randomly into your mouth). We have experience in nebulizing lobelia tincture (with saline solution, for therapeutic purposes), but not with vaporizing it.

Just like with flavor percentages and flavors, it's not going to be predictable "how much" lobelia tincture is required for each individual to achieve the sensation desired. We just tested ours, and it takes around 2-3 drops on the tongue all at once to achieve that 'burny/scratchy thing' at a significant level. It could take much more of a weaker tincture. AND, it could kind of be described as a "cumulative effect". It's been 8 minutes since I "dropped" and the sensation is still very strong. Therein wethinks, lies a couple of potential rubs.

How can you get a full 2-3 drops onto your tongue all at once via vaporizing? That'd be a mighty concentrated amount of Lobelia tincture in a few quick puffs off a tank. Wethinks lobelia tastes fairly nasty, and most agree.

So, now you've got the sensation going, you lay down the tank...and it's still going strong (and it's going to keep going for ??? minutes) Vape more, the sensation becomes much stronger - to the point of being truly irritating and uncomfortable.

And two:

What if one were to use a lobelia glycerine(VG) extract and a lobelia alcohol tincture in their DIY E-Liquid. Would this not get us closer to the desired effect? In theory, the more we re-tincture something doesn't that number of 5-30 drops go down. For example re-tincturing something once would make those numbers drop to 2.5-15 does it not?

As far as a lobelia extraction using glycerine - we don't have any experience with that (or extracting any other herbs into glycerine). We've made a couple of tobacco & coffee extractions for vaping using glycerine, but glycerine tinctures don't fit in with our needs (too weak; too labor intensive to make them strong/effective; too messy/difficult to strain & press; too short a shelf life, etc).

Yes, making a double/triple tincture increases the strength...so it would take less to achieve the same effect. However, we're back to the question of "how do you get enough, but not too much?" - when it's mixed into several mls of vg? But don't let that stop you from working at it and coming up with something that works for you! We do NOT want to ever be the cause of someone believing something cannot be done! To our knowledge, this hasn't been done before - and it seems to us like it probably won't work. But we know, that sometimes, those with the most experience and knowledge are the ones that are the most limited...because they won't try to do anything they are "sure" can't be done! And worse yet, it hurts their ego (or profit) if someone with less knowledge or experience does something they can't do! We're NOT "that" - we2rcool

And making it stronger brings up another potential issue...lobelia is also known as pukeweed (because it can/does induce vomiting when 'the puke amount' is ingested). How much is that? That depends upon the person and the strength of the tincture! For most, it would take several teaspoon sized doses - but I know of one ultra-sensitive male that threw up after taking one dropperful (about 1/4 teaspoon).

Btw, if you're new at working with herbs, lobelia is likely the 'oddest oddball' in the herbal kingdom. What information & research there is available, conflicts immensely - but there's not much available. You'll find TONS of empirical evidence from reading the works of Dr. John R. Christopher (it's the only herb to which he devoted a full chapter in his book "School of Natural Healing").

If you're interesting in learning more about lobelia, here's some very good information on immense amount of chemicals (and the actions of those chemicals) found in lobelia. From here: Dr. Duke's
Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases


Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Lobelia inflata L. (Campanulaceae) -- Indian Tobacco, Lobelia

Chemicals

8,10-DIETHYL-LOBELIDIOL Plant: DUKE1992A

8-ETHYL-10-PHENYL-NORLOBELIDIONE Plant: DUKE1992A

8-ETHYL-NORLOBELOL-I Plant: DUKE1992A

8-METHYL-10-ETHYL-LOBELIDIOL Plant: DUKE1992A

8-METHYL-10-PHENYL-LOBELIDIOL Plant: DUKE1992A

ALKALOIDS Plant 4,800 ppm; DUKE1992A

ALUMINUM Leaf 251 ppm; DUKE1992A

ASCORBIC-ACID Leaf 2,252 ppm; DUKE1992A

ASH Leaf 49,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

BETA,BETA-PHENYLOXYPROPIONIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

BETA-CAROTENE Leaf 53.5 ppm; DUKE1992A

CALCIUM Leaf 7,020 ppm; DUKE1992A

CAOUTCHOUC Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A

CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 832,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

CHELIDONIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

CHROMIUM Leaf 5 ppm; DUKE1992A

COBALT Leaf 22 ppm; DUKE1992A

D-8-PHENYL-LOBELOL-I Plant: DUKE1992A

DL-LOBELINE Plant: DUKE1992A

FAT Leaf 28,000 ppm; DUKE1992A Seed 30,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

FIBER Leaf 88,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

IRON Leaf 310 ppm; DUKE1992A

ISOLOBIANANIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

ISOLOBININE Plant: DUKE1992A

KILOCALORIES Leaf 3,000 /kg; DUKE1992A

L-8-PHENYL-LOBELOL-I Plant: DUKE1992A

LELOBANIDINE-I Plant: DUKE1992A

LELOBANIDINE-II Plant: DUKE1992A

LINOLEIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

LOBELANIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

LOBELANINE Plant: DUKE1992A

LOBELINE Plant 3,600 - 22,500 ppm DUKE1992A

LOBINALIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

LOBINALINE Plant: DUKE1992A

LOBINANIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

LOBININE Plant: DUKE1992A

MAGNESIUM Leaf 1,620 ppm; DUKE1992A

MANGANESE Leaf 80 ppm; DUKE1992A

NIACIN Leaf: DUKE1992A

NORLELOBANIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

NORLOBELANIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

NORLOBELANINE Plant: DUKE1992A

PHOSPHORUS Leaf 1,540 ppm; DUKE1992A

POTASSIUM Leaf 12,600 ppm; DUKE1992A

PROTEIN Leaf 91,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

PYRIDINE-ALKALOIDS Plant 4,000 - 5,000 ppm DUKE1992A

RESIN Plant: DUKE1992A

RIBOFLAVIN Leaf: DUKE1992A

SELENIUM Leaf: DUKE1992A

SILICON Leaf 8 ppm; DUKE1992A

SODIUM Leaf 150 ppm; DUKE1992A

STEARIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

THIAMIN Leaf 3.2 ppm; DUKE1992A

TIN Leaf 7 ppm; DUKE1992A

WATER Leaf 887,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

ZINC Leaf 4 ppm; DUKE1992A

Activities

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor X10830511
ACE-Inhibitor NP6:1
Acidulant FEMA 6,000 ARC
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor SYN-X
Allergenic M&R610 WER
Amphiglycemic? DAS
Analgesic 1-4 g/day WER 200 ug/day WER 5-10 g/day TEI
Androgenic? PAM
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker NP6:1
Anorexic 52
Antiacne 135 mg/day 200 ug/day WER JAR12:99 MPP PAM DUKE1992B
Antiacrodermatitic 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd M29
Antiacrodynic DUKE1992B
AntiAGE 2,000 mg/day SYN-X 200-1,000 ug SYN-X
Antiaggregant 400 mg/day PAM SYN-X
Antiaging 200-1,000 ug SYN-X 400 mg/day DUKE1992B
Antiakathisic M29
Antialcoholic 50-100 mg/day FHN PIL
Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day WER 500 mg/day PIL
Antialopecic DAS X12033503
Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg/day WER 2,000-6,000 mg/day 50 mg/day WER PIL
Antiamblyopic DUKE1992B
Antianaphylactic EMP6:189
Antiandrogenic X12033503
Antianemic M29 MAR
Antianginal 400 mg/day WER DUKE1992B
Antiangiogenic 2 uM BO2 230 ug/kg orl rat BO2 X16606632
Antianorectic DAS JBH
Antianorexic M29
Antianxiety 400 mg/day WER DAS
Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl MAR
Antiarrhythmic 400 mg/day 500-1,500 mg RAF DAS
Antiarteriosclerotic DAS JE26:80
Antiarthritic 0.2-1 g/day 1,000 mg/day WAF 50 mg/3x/day/orl/man DAS EMP6:189 MPP PIL
Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day WER MPP PAM DUKE1992B
Antiatherosclerotic 20 ug/day 400 mg/day 500 mg/day WER MPP
Antibackache 1-4 g/day WER
Antibacterial DAS DUKE1992B
Antiberiberi DUKE1992B
AntiBPH 25-60 mg/day
Antibronchitic DUKE1992B
Anticancer JNU
Anticanker 100 mg/day WER MPP
Anticarcinomic PAM
Anticardiospasmic DUKE1992B
Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day WER
Anticataract 1 g 3x/day 15 mg/day WER 30 mg/day WER 350 mg/day WER 400 mg/day SYN-X 400 ug/day MPP PIL DUKE1992B
Anticephalagic PIL
Anticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/day 1.6-10 mg/day WAF MPP
AntiCFS 200 ug TE2 500-1,000 mg TE2 PIL
Anticheilitic DAS DUKE1992B
Antichilblain JBH
Anticirrhotic DAS
Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day WAF 200 ug/day WAF 500-5,000 mg/day WAF 500-750 mg/day
Anticoeliac MAR
Anticold 1-2 g/man/day 50 mg DAS
Anticolitic DAS DUKE1992B
Anticonvulsant 3 g/day WER FAC
Anticorneotic DAS
Anticoronary 200 ug/day 30 mg/day SYN-X 400 mg/day SYN-X 50 mg/man/2 days CMR3/4/91:16 JBH
AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man M29 DAS
AntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day WAF
Antidandruff DAS
Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day MAR DUKE1992B
Antideliriant DUKE1992B
Antidementia MPP PIL
Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day WER 200 ug/day WAF DAS
Antidermatitic DAS
Antidiabetic 10-30 mg/man/day 200-1,000 ug 3-5 mg/day WER 30 mg/day SYN-X 400-800 mg/man/day SYN-X DUKE1992B
Antidiscotic DAS
Antidote (Aluminum) DAS EMP6:189
Antidote (Cadmium) DAS LL-MAY89
Antidote (Lead) DAS
Antidote (Mercury) DAS
Antidote (Paraquat) MAR
Antidysgeuzic WRI
Antidyskinetic MAR
Antidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4 x/day WER
Antidyspeptic PIL
Antidysphagic DUKE1992B
Antieczemic 150 mg/day WER 3.5-5 g/day WER EMP6:189
Antiedemic 1 g/man/day DAS
Antiencephalitic DAS
Antiencephalopathic M29
Antiendometriotic 2,000 mg/day WAF 500 mg/day WAF
Antienterotic KEN
Antiepileptic 100 mg/day WER 3 g/day WER 450 mg/day WER
Antifatigue 200 ug TE2 500-1,000 mg TE2 DAS JBH KEN
Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53
Antifibromyalgic 200-300 mg 3x/day
Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mg WAF 30 mg WAF 400 ug WAF
Antifuruncular 45 mg/3x/day/man MAR
Antigallstone 1,000-3,000 mg/day WAF
Antigastritic JBH PIL
Antigastrotic KEN
Antigingivitic
Antiglaucomic 2 g/day WER ABEL1999
Antiglossitic DAS
Antiglycosuric 200-1,000 ug
Antigout 200 ug WAF
Antigranular DUKE1992B
Antihangover 1,000 mg WAF 15 mg WAF 50 mg WAF
Antiheartburn DUKE1992B
Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day DAS
Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day DAS
Antihepatotoxic EMP6:189
Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day DUKE1992B
Antiherpetic? 25-60 mg/day
Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man 50 mg 2x/day WER EMP6:189
AntiHIV PMM
Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day WER
Antihyperkeratotic
Antihyperkinetic DAS
Antihypertensive NP6:1
Antihypoglycemic DAS
Antiichythyotic PAM
Antiimpotence M29
Antiinfective 50 mg/day WER
Antiinfertility 1 g/day WER 60 mg/day WER
Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4 x/day WER IC50=31 uM PAM
Antiinsomniac DAS
Antiinsomnic 1 g/day WER
Antikeratitic DUKE1992B
Antikeshan DAS
Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day MAR M29
Antileukemic 1.6 mg/kg ipr mus BO2
Antileukonychic MTM
Antileukoplakic
Antileukotriene PAM
Antileukotriene-D4 IC50=31 uM POP:153
Antilipoperoxidant IC71=50 ug/ml X16277432
Antilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/day WAF PAM
Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos MAR
AntiLyme 400-1,000 mg 50 mg 50 mg/day KEn 500-2,000 mg KEN
Antilymphomic X16762953
Antimaculitic PIL
Antimastalgic PAM
Antimastitic PAM
Antimeasles DAS
Antimelanomic 480 ug/kg BO2
AntiMeniere's JAD
Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day 200 ug/day WAF 500-5,000 mg/day WAF 500-750 mg/day
Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl PAM
Antimetastatic 480 ug/kg BO2 X16606632
Antimigraine 200 mg/day/man WER M29 DUKE1992B
Antimitral-valve-prolapse PIL
AntiMS EMP6:189
Antimutagenic EMP6:235
Antimyalgic 200 ug/day WER
Antimyocarditic DUKE1992B
Antinephrolytic
Antineuralgic 1-4 g/day WER DUKE1992B
Antineuramidase X634178
Antineurasthenic DUKE1992B
Antineuritic DUKE1992B
Antineuropathic 50 mg WER TEI
Antineurotic DAS
AntiNF-kB BO2
Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day MAR
Antinyctalopic WRI
Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day WER 200-1,000 ug SYN-X 30 mg/day SYN-X PIL DUKE1992B
Antionychyotic PIL
Antiorchitic DAS
Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day WER HSC25:1487
Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/day 500-1,000 mg/day/wmn/orl 500-2,000 mg/day DAS
Antiototic DAS
Antioxidant 100 ppm DUKE1992B 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day PAM PIL
Antiozenic DUKE1992B
Antipapillomic MPP
Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/day 100 mg/day WER 200-400 ug/day WAF
Antiparotitic DAS
Antipellagric DAS DUKE1992B
Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day WER 750 mg/day WER MPP
Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg/man/day M29 DAS
Antipityriasic PAM
Antiplaque 500-1,000 mg/day WAF M29
AntiPMS 1 g/day 400-800 mg/day/wmn orl 400-800 mg/day/wmn/orl JAFC34:409 PIL
Antipneumonic PAM
Antipodriac DAS
Antipoliomyelitic DAS DUKE1992B
Antiporphyric 30-300 mg/man/day MAR
Antiprolactin PAM
Antiproliferant 2 uM BO2 JNU
Antiprostatitic 50 mg/man/day/orl PAM
Antipsoriac PAM
Antipyretic EMP6:189
Antiradicular 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day SYN-X PAM SYN-X
AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000 mg/day WAF 280-350 mg/day WAF 500 mg 1-2x/day WAF
Antiretinopathic 400 mg/day SYN-X
Antiretinotic PIL
Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day WAF DAS MPP
Antirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/day WAF
Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day MAR
Antiscotomic DUKE1992B
Antiseptic 4-8 g/day SYN-X 50 mg/day WER MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml MAR
Antishingles DAS
Antisilicotic MPT
Antismoking 2-8 mg/man/day transdermal PMP25:57
Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day SYN-X
Antispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day WER 500-5,000 mg/day WAF DAS PIL
Antispasmophilic 500 mg/day WER
Antistomatitic 50 mg/man/3x/day MAR
Antistress 500-1,000 mg 500-1,500 mg/day WAF 500-750 mg/day WAF DAS
Antistroke 400 mg/day SYN-X
Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day SYN-X 10-30 mg/man/day SYN-X 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day SYN-X 200-800 ug SYN-X 30 mg/day SYN-X 400 mg/man/day SYN-X
Antitic DAS
Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day WER
Antitriglyceride 20 ug/day WER 200-1,000 ug SYN-X 30 mg/day SYN-X
Antitumor 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day SYN-X HSC25:1495 PAM
Antitumor (brain) 38-150 ug/kg BO2
Antitumor (Breast) 0.8 mg/kg scu mus BO2 150 ug/kg diet rat BO2 230 ug/kg orl rat BO2 333.6 ug/day BO2 IC45=60 ug/ml X16277432
Antitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/ml X16277432
Antitumor (Colon) X16277432
Antitumor (Gastric) PIL
Antitumor (Lung) 240 ug/kg diet BO2 IC30=60 ug/ml X16277432 NR54:S71
Antitumor (Prostate) MES PIL
Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45 ug/ml X16277432
Antiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl PAM 15,000-25,000 IU/day WAF 50 mg/3x/day/man MAR 88 mg/rat/day/15 days PIL PAM
Antiulcerogenic JE29:25
Antivaginitic MAR
Antivertigo DUKE1992B
Antiviral 1-5 g/day
Antiviral? M29
Antiwart M&R
Antixerophthalmic DAS
Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day 500-750 mg/day WAF
AP-1-Inhibitor 2-50 uM BO2
Apoptotic 1-10 mM BO2
Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl PAM
Astringent MAR
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker NP6:1
Beta-Blocker NP6:1
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man BO2
Bronchoconstrictor PAM
Bronchodilator PAM
Calcium-Antagonist NP6:1
Calcium-Channel-Blocker NP6:1
Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm 505 525 DAS
Candidicide MAR
Carcinogenic SN146:421
Cardiomyopathogenic DAS
Cardioprotective 200 ug/day 3,000-5,000 mg PIL DUKE1992B
Cardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/day DUKE1992B
Chemopreventive MES
Circulotonic PIL
CNS-Depressant FAC DUKE1992B
CNS-Stimulant DUKE1992B
Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day DAS
Collagenic BO2 PIL
Colorant JBH
Comedolytic JAR12:99
Copper-Antagonist SYN-X
Cosmetic JBH
COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/ml X16277432
COX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/ml X16277432
Deodorant M29
Depressant 52
Detoxicant DUKE1992B
Detoxicant (Alcohol) PIL
Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl NP6:1 DUKE1992B
Emetic PAM DUKE1992B
Encephalopathic M29
Energizer HYL
Ergogenic PIL
Erythrocytogenic DAS
Expectorant PAM
Fibrinolytic MPP
Fistula-Preventive PAM
FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 ARC
Fungicide DAS
Gastroprotective X6654625
Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
Hepatotoxic PIL
Hypertensive DAS DUKE1992B
Hypocholesterolemic 20 ug/day WER 200-1,000 ug SYN-X 300-1,000 mg/day DAS 400 mg/day WER 50-100 mg 3x/day 500 mg/day WER GAS DUKE1992B
Hypoglycemic 10-30 mg/man/day 200-1,000 ug SYN-X DUKE1992B
Hypolipidemic RWG:17
Hypotensive 1 g/day WER 1,000 mg/man/day 10 g/man/day/orl PAM 200-1,000 ug SYN-X 260-500 mg/day 30 mg/day SYN-X DUKE1992B
Hypouricemic X12350076
Immunomodulator EMP6:189 HYL KEN PIL
Immunostimulant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day SYN-X 180 mg/man/day/orl PAM DAS SYN-X
Immunosuppressant 300 mg/day/6 wks/orl/man M29
Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day MAR 382
Insulinogenic 30 mg/day SYN-X 400 mg/day SYN-X DUKE1992B
Interferon-Synergist PJB1(2):264
Interferonogenic PAM
Irritant M&R
Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg WAF 300-500 mg/day DUKE1992B
Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day SYN-X
Lithogenic DAS
Litholytic PIL
Lubricant JBH
Memorigenic HYL
Metastatic SN146:421
Mucogenic JPP42:657 PAM
Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day MAR
Myorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day WER
Nematicide NIG
Neuroprotective PIL
Neurotransmitter
NF-kB-Inhibitor BO2 X16606632
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor BO2
Osteogenic DAS
Perfumery ARC
Pesticide DUKE1992B
Phagocytotic PAM
Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor BO2
Prooxidant 20 ug/g JAF44:2096 PIL
Propecic X10830511 X12033503
Prostaglandin-Sparer JPP42:655
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC50=2-50 uM BO2
Purgative DUKE1992B
Respirastimulant 411
Ruminatoric M11
Sedative PAM
Serotoninergic PAM
Spermigenic 60 mg/day WER
Suppository JBH
Taenicide MAR
Testosteronigenic WER
Thymoprotective PAM
Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day WAF 500-750 mg/day WAF
Trichomonicide M29
Ubiquiot JBH
Uricosuric 4 g/man/day DAS
Urinary-Acidulant M29
Uterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day WER
Vasodilator M29 NP6:1
VEGF-Inhibitor BO2
Vulnerary MAR PAM

References

382: Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
411: Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
505: Jim Duke's personal files.
52: Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.
525: Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
ABEL1999: Jim Duke's personal files
ARC: Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Note: Most ARC numerical data were in mg/dl. I know of no other plant where zinc is more prevalent than other minerals and protein. These data should be viewed as suspect.
BO2: Jim Duke's personal files
CMR3/4/91:16: Jim Duke's personal files
DAS: Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
DUKE1992A: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DUKE1992B: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
EMP1:53: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
EMP6:189: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
EMP6:235: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
FAC: Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.
FHN: Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.
GAS: Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
HSC25:1487: Jim Duke's personal files
HSC25:1495: Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.
HYL: Jim Duke's personal files
JAD: Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
JAF44:2096: Jim Duke's personal files
JAFC34:409: Jim Duke's personal files
JAR12:99: Jim Duke's personal files
JBH: Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
JE26:80: Jim Duke's personal files
JE29:25: Rafatullah, S., Tariq, M., Al-Yahya, M.A., Mossa, J.S., and Ageel, A.M. 1989. Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) for Gastric and Duodenal Antiulcer Activity in Rats. J. of Ethnopharmacology, 29: 25-34, 1990.
JNU: Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
JPP42:655: Fujita, T., Nakatani, E., Funaishi, N., Sakuma, S., Fujimoto, Y. Potent inhibition of prostaglandin inactivation in rabbit gastric antral mucosal slices by selenium ions in-vitro. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 655-657, 1990.
JPP42:657: Li, K.M. Effect of zinc sulphate on acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 657-659, 1990.
KEN: Jim Duke's personal files
KEn: Jim Duke's personal files
LL-MAY89: Let's Live, May 1989.
M&R: Mitchell, J. and Rook, A.J. 1923. Botanical Dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass, 1979. xiii, 787 p.: ill.
M&R610: Jim Duke's personal files
M11: Merck 11th Edition
M29: Martindale's 29th
MAR: Martindale's 28th
MES: Jim Duke's personal files
MPP: Jim Duke's personal files
MPT: Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.
MTM: Jim Duke's personal files
NIG: Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
NP6:1: Jim Duke's personal files
NR54:S71: Jim Duke's personal files
PAM: Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
PIL: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(2):264: Jim Duke's personal files
PMM: Jim Duke's personal files
PMP25:57: Jim Duke's personal files
POP:153: Jim Duke's personal files
RAF: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG:17: Jim Duke's personal files
SN146:421: Science News, 146: 421.
SYN-X: Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
TE2: Jim Duke's personal files
TEI: Jim Duke's personal files
WAF: Jim Duke's personal files
WER: Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
WRI: Jim Duke's personal files
X10830511: Jim Duke's personal files
X12033503: Jim Duke's personal files
X12350076: Jim Duke's personal files
X16277432: Jim Duke's personal files
X16606632: Jim Duke's personal files
X16762953: Jim Duke's personal files
X634178: Jim Duke's personal files
X6654625: Jim Duke's personal files

Good luck!

 

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