All I can say is that pass
throughs have caused PC damage for a small number of users, as you've read. Many others (including me in the past) have used them plugged into PC's without problems. But there is a
chance they could cause damage. I think it's likely to depend on the PC design, and how well it copes with higher current draw than the official standards allow for (only 0.5A originally). I think the passthrough's that use an in line battery (these are not a true passthrough) are less likely to cause a problem than the type that directly power the atomizer from USB. The ones that use a battery draw fairly small amounts of current, as the USB only charges the battery, with the battery powering the atty. However a true passthrough can draw over a couple of amps at 5v, depending on what atty/carto is connected.
What I'd suggest, if possible, is using an AC-USB adapter, with a 2 Amp (or more) rating. This includes things like adapters for charging iPad's or
this. You could also use something like a powered USB hub, if it can provide enough current.