there are 2 factors.
size of holes
absorbency of the carto (at least in the case of DC cartos)
i have had my DCT MAP tank for a while now, and I LOVE IT. there was a little trial and error at the start though.
my first carto that came with it from COV that was pre-punched worked perfect, no leaks, for about 60mls of liquid, then it started to flood out of no where. i chalk this up to the cart being worn out and the absorbency of the filler being lost....i then tossed the carto.
that carto had 2 small holes in it as prepunched from COV.
I then punched my own carto, without realizing it i made the holes just a tad bigger. this carto leaked from the start almost. after the 2nd or 3rd fill it was leaky a bit....i figured the holes were too big, i tossed it.
now i am making 1 small hole in my cartos, they are working great, and i am getting roughly 60mls through each before i punch a new one which i think is an acceptable rate.
my single hole looks like the cart on the right here*
HTH
tldr. if your carto leaks from the start, holes are too big, if your cartos starts leaking after a few fills, its lost its absorbency.
*to punch mine i
mark the level the hole should be at with a sharpie marker compared to my original DC from COV, then on the kitchen counter I, crumple a paper towel, place the carto on it, hold a small/finish nail where i want my hole and tap with a hammer.