Finding your personal nic tolerance level is part of vaping for many. I have made myself nic sick on several occasions which was always when I get a new device and over indulge trying different builds and wattage levels with a juice that was at a nic level I normally use at lower wattage and vapor volume levels. I haven't done this in a few years since it was not pleasant. Fortunately, this passes rather quickly if a mild case... within a hour or so for me. I'm surprised that the OP didn't also get a mild headache, which generally accompanies the other symptoms.
The next step of nic sickness will involve headaches, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, sweating, chills, increased heart rate, and headaches as your body tries to purge the nicotine. This is more serious, but not life threatening... just really uncomfortable and takes longer to recover. There haven't been any cases of dying from this that I'm aware of... just really sick for a while (up to 24hrs) while your body recovers. This would be considered nicotine poisoning. Just notice the early symptoms before you get to this point and stop vaping for a while.
Nicotine is considered a self-medicating substance and your body will treat it like a poison and do everything it can to purge it if nic levels get too high in your system, and everyone is different in their tolerance levels. But you will reach a point that you will not ingest more due to extreme discomfort before you reach life threatening levels, which is hypothesized to be between 500~1000mg depending on the person. But since there are no known death issues with confirming data this level is just an educated guess at this point.
Knowing the symptoms of nic sickness is valuable. You never know when you might get a commercial juice with out of spec nicotine, or just induce it yourself like I have. But being aware of the early stages lets you get by with a minor sickness that's not too much of an issue and keeps you from progressing to a really bad time with poisoning.