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The difference with HV atomizers is that they have a higher resistance.
Vapor production and throat hit are a function of the juice and the heat you atomize it at.
Power ==> Watts ==> heat.
Use Ohm's law. bookmark this calculator: Ohm's Law Calculator
Plug in any two values and hit calculate. This will give you all kinds of information you need to know.
Watts: general idea of the heat. Find something you like and see what wattage you're using and you'll have some idea of where your preference is. Then you can shoot for that if you are using different attys/cartos and or batteries or passthru combinations.
Let's say you're happy with what you're using now. You said 510 attys. I'll assume Joye 510 attys. Maybe you're using a Joye 510 battery? Like Rob's Yeti kit? Those will produce about 3.1v. That Joye 510 atty has a resistance of 2.2Ω - 2.4Ω. Let's say 2.2Ω
Using the calculator you get
2.2Ω @ 3.1v == about 4.4 Watts
2.2Ω @ 3.1v == about 1.4 Amps
So with the juice you're using it would appear that you'd be happy with something in the 4.5Watt range.
Go hotter and that same juice is likely to have a bit less flavor (or maybe harsher flavor) and you'd expect more throat hit.
Let's say you're using 3.7v (in a BB or Silver Bullet). Now you're going to get the following with that 2.2Ω atomizer.
2.2Ω @ 3.7v == about 6.2 Watts
2.2Ω @ 3.7v == about 1.7 Amps
A bit hotter.
If you go to 6v you're probably going to burn out that 2.2Ω atty fairly quickly. And the vapor is probably going to be really harsh.
2.2Ω @ 6v == about 16 Watts
2.2Ω @ 6v == about 2.7 Amps <-- this is where you may need to see if your batteries are rated for that current.
I did 6v vaping for a long time. I found that 3.0Ω cartomizers were just right for my preferences with the juice I preferred.
3.0Ω @ 6v == about 12 Watts (hotter than most prefer)
A LOT of people seem to find 2.2Ω @ 5v to be the sweet spot ==> something in the area of 10 Watts
So it just depends. On your juice and your personal preference. Mix and match different stuff and you will generally find that most everything you like sort of falls in the same ball park with respect to heat.
Now, the HV attys. Different ones are different resistances. Suppliers sometimes label anything with 3.5Ω to 5.5Ω or even greater as "HV". It's a loose term and loosely applied. Generally refers to higher resistance stuff used to bring the heat down with higher voltage power supplies.
Note: "HV" has never implied Heavy Duty. They seem to burn out just about the same as everything else. Naturally all that depends on heat and current you're putting through them and how well they're manufactured and with what materials, etc., etc. Just like the regular stuff.
Different attys/cartos will perform differently and better or worse. So when you're looking for what you like use the resistance to filter your choices to try. You're going to want something in your preferred heat range and then go from there.
Hope that helps a bit.
Perfect explanation, I'm a huge loudspeaker for watts not voltage determining the sweet spot. I prefer a 4.5 ohm @ 6v for ~8 watts. Like Quick1 said, check the resistance, some HVs are 3.0-3.5ohm while others go to 4.5 or higher even. I get my HVs from vaporjunction.com (HINT HINT ROB AND CHAD) for now as that is the best price on 4.5 ohm HV 510s I've found at 6.95 a piece. On my 3rd month on this atty, most are lasting that long before crapping out. HOWEVER something not mentioned, do not pull the bridge to drip on HV unless you like the hot bacon grease feeling on your lips 
3 months on an atty!I'd be happy with 3 weeks!Everyone out there getting so much time out of there attys just frustrates the crap out of me! Lol! When mine die it's weird because they are working fine, no drop off or anything.They just quit.
Let them cool for a good 10 seconds before dripping on them
Thanks for pointing this out...doing it unconsciously but after thinking about it, it makes so much sense.
To Dr. Bud: Yes, 3 months on this atty. This has been the typical life of the 4.5 ohm HVs on 6v. I've just ended up throwing out older ones sooner b/c I mixed flavors on it and was tired of something blending with my menthol mix. Just regular old EM HV 510s
Fingers crossed I keep getting good ones. Just running at that wattage does provide more TH and vapor, especially in heavier VG blends, and you take much shorter draws which is something I definetly prefer. Flavor seems to come through more, and some juices scorch at different temps so what might not taste good at 4-5 watts might taste awesome at 8-10 and completely the opposite also.
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I will pay attention to giving longer breaks in between draws,thhanks.That might be my problem,cuz I do notice the atty is pretty hot after a couple hits.Also the juice i use I found out can be not so freindly to attys(Johnson Creek).Goin to try something different.Was recommended Alien Visions juice.Will try some altsmoke stuff too.
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