So my question becomes, the SIM card from this non-functioning phone, can I get ANY info off it, and how? Like numbers, bookmarks, photos, music, etc.?
Ok... now you are venturing into two areas I know very little about... smartphones and anything Apple. So the following is based on Android phones which I must assume are / have used similar cards.
The sim cards I'm familiar with have undergone the same changes that standard memory cards have... ie gotten smaller. So to have any chance at reading one, you'd need to have a smartphone ( presumably an Apple one ) from the same era that still uses that same sized sim card. If correct, look on eBay and other used equipment sites for a working iPhone from the same era.
Things that you may have to consider... if your cell phone provider locked your iPhone... you may need one that also works with your provider. I also don't know if a sim card is encrypted or not... I assume not but that isn't something to base anything I've said on... it's is very far outside of my expertise and experience level.
[ Enters Mother mode now ]
In the end, there is only one way to safeguard your data and that is to back it up frequently. This is not something you can do after a failure. If it wasn't important enough to do it previous to the failure... is it really important enough now somehow to try to retrieve it because that can become very costly. It can be done at a repair
shop that deals with that type of phone, but is it ( if the other methods I mentioned don't work ) important enough to spend enough money to fix it now.
There is a Youtube guy named Louis Rossman that repairs Mac's... I'm uncertain if they ( his store ) still fixes iPhones but if not, watching some of his vids will lead you to a lady up in that general area that does do that type of work ( I just remember Jessica or something as her name and that's questionable and I certainly don't recall her store name ). I'm uncertain as to what they may charge for such a service or if you can simply ask them about getting a used working phone or not.... still worth a call to find out.