OK, here's what I've come up with, with explanations
from what I understand, parallel wiring splits the load between the batteries, series wiring draws the same load from both to deliver it at twice the voltage
Connecting in Series
When connecting your batteries in Series you are doubling the voltage while maintaining the same capacity rating (amp hours). This might be used in a scooter, Power Wheels kids vehicle, or other applications. Just use a jumper wire between the negative of the first battery and the positive of the second battery. Run your negative wire off of the open connector from the first battery and your positive off of the open connector on your second battery.
which means you are drawing the same amperage from each battery to reach the double voltage, because power = voltage * amperage
Connecting in Parallel
When connecting in Parallel you are doubling the capacity (amp hours) of the battery while maintaining the voltage of one of the individual batteries. This would be used in applications such as laptop batteries, some scooters, some ups backups, etc. Use a jumper wire between the positives of both batteries and another jumper wire between the negatives of both batteries. Connect your positive and negative wires to the same battery to run to your application.
this balances the current draw between batteries, drawing half from each at the same voltage, increasing battery life
Connecting Batteries in Series or Parallel
SO NOW
current = voltage / resistance, unless your batteries suck
and
power = voltage * current
and
keep in mind the listed voltage for batteries is
NOT UNDER LOAD, facing only their own internal resistance
the tenergy LiFePO4s list a max discharge current which is way lower than any lithium cobalt oxide batteries I can get info for
so if the true max current draw on the lifePO4 batteries is 550mA (as the Tenergy site lists) then they are only able to deliver like (3.6 i think max volts, times .55 amps =) 1.98 watts? well that sucks
if most rcr123a(s) deliver 1A max discharge like soshine lists, then it delivers (4.2volts times 1 Amp) 4.2 watts?
the 18650(s) are rated 1.5A max discharge, so (4.2 volts times 1.5 Amps) 6.3 watts
and tenergy's 14500 battery is rated 2.5C @ 800mah, so it can deliver 2A, but would be limited to 1.55 amps on a 510 atomizer (4.2 volts over 2.7 ohms) and therefore delivers 6.5watts, making it the best performing power source?
cathode material for the rest of the batteries
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_cobalt_oxide
C-Rate:
The charge and discharge current of a battery is measured in C-rate. Most portable batteries are rated at 1C. This means that a 1000mAh battery would provide 1000mA for one hour if discharged at 1C rate. The same battery discharged at 0.5C would provide 500mA for two hours. At 2C, the 1000mAh battery would deliver 2000mA for 30 minutes. 1C is often referred to as a one-hour discharge; a 0.5C would be a two-hour, and a 0.1C a 10-hour discharge.
http://www.batteryuniversity.com/print-partone-16.htm
So, when faced with a load they can't handle, voltage must drop, if the battery discharge rates are as given
but these numbers must be wrong, or all those people using 'high volt' devices are just nuts
so someone, please, explain this
*Differences in cathode material:
http://www.batteryuniversity.com/partone-5A.htm
battery links are in earlier post
and now the edits
*apparently Lithium Manganese is much better at high discharge rates than Lithium Cobalt Oxide, but has a lower specific energy (energy/volume)
this LiMN batter is rated for 8C
http://www.lighthound.com/AW-IMR163...N-lithium-rechargeable-battery_p_20-2626.html
explains it right in the info
Safe chemistry LiMN 3.7V rechargeable battery is now available in R123 size. These cells can handle high amperage and is safe to use in series / multi-cell applications. Can be charge with any LiIon battery charger with 4.2V output.
** Apparently LiFePO4 should have a discharge rate similar to LiMN, can't account for the low rating on Tenergy's site, tried giving them a call but only got voice-mail..
*** just spoke to the technical support at Tenergy, I was told the LiFePO4 batteries also have a voltage regulation circuit to drop them down to 3.0V, and that it limits the battery to 550ma discharge, their Lithium Cobalt Oxide rcr123a however can push 3A continuous -
I DO NOT reccomend anyone use the Tenergy LiFePO4 rcr123a for ecig use, go with the Tenergy standard Li-Ion 3.0V
http://www.tenergybattery.com/index...facturer_id=0&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=27
http://www.batteryjunction.com/rc390reliba.html
Also many of the cheap batteries, available from DX and the like, likely have discharge rates similar to soshine (1A) and since there are no specs to confirm this with, I would recommend the above two batteries if you want to be sure you're getting ~2A/6V