This just in! A cloud is actually a visible collection of particles of water or ice suspended in the air, usually at an elevation above the earth's surface.
Interesting. You checked back in on this
thread and STILL haven't presented evidence of your claim? Still waiting.....
(Don't bother responding to this post, go back to my last post in this thread and respond to that one)
Why? You and Teller did an episode about it.
{Moderated}
Gee, do you really think I haven't heard the
Penn and Teller joke before? So not only are you incapable of backing up you claim (while asking others to back up thiers) but you can't even be original in you attempt to side step it with humor.
Still waiting for you to back up your claim.....
I am not sure what your claim is, but can you back up your claim?
You are the one who started a thread proclaiming a widely accepted belief is flawed. The burden of proof is on you. The most you have presented is the claim that second hand smoke cannot be definitively linked to increased cancer rates. That wasn't your claim. The title of the thread. That doesn't proclaim no evidence has been presented. That claims second hand smoke is harmless. Where is your proof it doesn't cause the problems that many believe it causes. Keep in mind cancer (again, you have provided no proof second hand smoke doesn't cause, just presented proof it does hasn't been presented) as well as a wide variety of other issues.
EPA's 1992 conclusions are not supported by reliable scientific evidence. The report has been largely discredited and, in 1998, was legally vacated by a federal judge.
Even so, the EPA report was cited in the surgeon general's 2006 report on SHS, where then-Surgeon General Richard Carmona made the absurd claim that there is no risk-free level of exposure to SHS.
For its 1992 report, EPA arbitrarily chose to equate SHS with mainstream (or firsthand) smoke. One of the agency's stated assumptions was that because there is an association between active smoking and lung cancer, there also must be a similar association between SHS and lung cancer.
But the problem posed by SHS is entirely different from that found with mainstream smoke. A well-recognized toxicological principle states, "The dose makes the poison."
Accordingly, we physicians record direct exposure to cigarette smoke by smokers in the medical record as "pack-years smoked" (packs smoked per day times the number of years smoked). A smoking history of around 10 pack-years alerts the physician to search for cigarette-caused illness. But even those nonsmokers with the greatest exposure to SHS probably inhale the equivalent of only a small fraction (around 0.03) of one cigarette per day, which is equivalent to smoking around 10 cigarettes per year.
Another major problem is that the epidemiological studies on which the EPA report is based are statistical studies that can show only correlation and cannot prove causation.
One statistical method used to compare the rates of a disease in two populations is relative risk (RR). It is the rate of disease found in the exposed population divided by the rate found in the unexposed population. An RR of 1.0 represents zero increased risk. Because confounding and other factors can obscure a weak association, in order even to suggest causation a very strong association must be found, on the order of at least 300 percent to 400 percent, which is an RR of 3.0 to 4.0.
For example, the studies linking direct cigarette smoking with lung cancer found an incidence in smokers of 20 to around 40 times that in nonsmokers, an association of 2000 percent to 4000 percent, or an RR of 20.0 to 40.0.
@Jman8 I don't understand how you can read your own sources and reach the conclusion SHS is harmless.
So he smoked previously? Interesting......
Since you decided to attach to the statement that this man was a previous smoker to somehow make your point, I will add my Grandmother (who never smoke anything) died of stomach cancer along with full blown emphysema from second hand smoke. My mother-in-law died in her early 60's with lung cancer, again, never smoked herself but was surrounded by smokers. I am not an expert by any measure but know my experiences well. It is my opinion that second hand smoke exposure in general is probably no more dangerous than any city air, but it is not harmless by any means. If a person is forced to breath in second hand smoke in fair amounts they will show effects as if they were a smoker themselves.
Anyone with time on their hands, an inclination to be contrarian and narcissistic tendencies can search the web and find ''proof' to support any claim . Even the most outrageous ones.
They are often convinced that they possess the thruth and everyone else is being manipulated by some controlling evil forces. Luckily, normaly only uninformed and gullible people will fall prey to their fantasies.
Obviously, when faced with the facts, their arguments fall apart and the end result is damage to whatever cause they infiltrated.
Without actually doing the physical research yourself, you are no better. You are simply picking reports that you agree with and parroting away, acting like Al Gore, "the debate is over!". Heh pure BS. Making disparaging comments about the intelligence or gullibility of people who do not agree with you make you look vey foolish.
I would ask what the threshold for changing your mind would be but I don't think any amount of proof would be enough for you.