Great info. I'll add a couple things. I think of a clearomizer like this - a cartomizer without polyfill. A tank being different because instead of being laid out like a cartomizer, the atomizer inside may be different, usually replaceable, though some clearomizers are too, but mainly you'll see that a tank can take basic drip tips, where clearomizers seem to have their own. Like Boiler said, a carto-tank, like say a DCT, is a cartomizer inside a tank. You'll notice those cartos have a flange on the bottom because of the tank and also have at least one hole in them so the juice in the tank can enter the cartomizer. If you use these, make sure you also fill the cartomizer the first time you use it.
Now the link you posted is a mod, where you'll install rechargeable batteries (that are cheaper to replace than an entire unit non-mod battery like an eGo) and connect something like a tank, or clearo. Keep in mind that a mod does not mean that its variable voltage or variable wattage (VV/VW). Also a Mech Mod (mechanical) has no fancy electronics in it. It's bare bones. Harder for something to go wrong and easier to fix, like an old car. Push a button that connects the battery and it lights up the atty, know what I mean?