What mudflap said. The general rule of thumb is that 100mah of capacity in a battery translates to an hour of vaping time. Atty resistance and vaping style vary that a bit, but higher mah ratings mean longer vaping time on a charge.
Atty resistance and voltage determine the warmth, vapor, and taste of the vape. Lower resistance gives you more wattage at the coil, which means warmer temperatures and more vapor. Raising the voltage does the same thing, so you have to balance voltage and resistance to arrive at the proper wattage for your preference. This is why many people like variable voltage batteries. You can tailor the vape to the juice you are using.
Most Li-ion batteries are 4.2v cells. Under load, an unregulated ecig battery will quickly fall to 3.7v and slowly decline until cutoff is reached. A regulated battery like the eGo, will maintain 3.4v or so throughout the charge and will reach cutoff when the battery can't maintain 3.4v anymore and drops to around 3.2v.