Ok, im reading the article on Propylene Glycol...and there are alot of contradictions...If you read the emergency overview, irritations and first aid measures...it kind of freaks you out, then right afterwards it tells you the complete opposite! I bolded and italacized it at the bottom. I guess my question is...Is Wikipedia moderated in any way? Or is it mainly opinion?
Propylene glycol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Safety
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Material Safety Data Sheet
"Hygroscopic.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes mild eye irritation. Contact may cause irritation, tearing,
and burning pain.
Skin:
Causes moderate skin irritation. Contact with the skin may cause
erythema, dryness, and defatting.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and
......... Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause
hemoglobinuric nephrosis. May cause changes in surface EEG.
Inhalation:
Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause respiratory
tract irritation.
Chronic:
May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments
have resulted in mutagenic effects. Exposure to large doses may cause
central nervous system depression. Chronic ingestion may cause lactic
acidosis and possible seizures.
**** SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES ****
Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and
water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical
aid.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing,
give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.
Notes to Physician:
Persons with impaired kidney function may be more susceptible to the
effects of this substance. Treat symptomatically and supportively."
Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are related to either inappropriate intravenous use or accidental ingestion by children.[5] The oral toxicity of propylene glycol is very low. In one study, rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% PG over a period of 104 weeks and they showed no apparent ill effects.[6] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive.
Serious toxicity will occur only at extremely high intakes over a relatively short period of time that result in plasma concentrations of over 4 g/L.[7] Such levels of ingestion would not be possible when consuming reasonable amounts of a food product or dietary supplements containing at most 1 g/kg propylene glycol.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined propylene glycol to be "generally recognized as safe" for use in food, cosmetics, and medicines. Like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol affects the body's chemistry by increasing the amount of acid. Propylene glycol is metabolized into pyruvic acid, which is a normal metabolite in the breakdown of glucose, while ethylene glycol is metabolized into oxalic acid, which is toxic.
However, propylene glycol is not approved for use in cat food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that propylene glycol in or on cat food has not been shown by adequate scientific data to be safe for use. Use of propylene glycol in or on cat food causes the feed to be adulterated and in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 21CFR589.1001
Prolonged contact with propylene glycol is essentially non-irritating to the skin. Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, and can produce slight transient conjunctivitis (the eye recovers after the exposure is removed). Exposure to mists may cause eye irritation, as well as upper respiratory tract irritation. Inhalation of the propylene glycol vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications. However, limited human experience indicates that inhalation of propylene glycol mists could be irritating to some individuals. Therefore inhalation exposure to mists of these materials should be avoided. Some research has suggested that propylene glycol not be used in applications where inhalation exposure or human eye contact with the spray mists of these materials is likely, such as fogs for theatrical productions or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[8]
Propylene glycol does not cause sensitization and it shows no evidence of being a carcinogen or of being genotoxic.[9][10]
A Clinical Journal of Medicine article states two cases of adult men experiencing psychosis from use of propylene glycol used in phenytoin injection USP. Both patients had to be switched to Cerebyx (Fosphenytoin Sodium) in order to avoid propylene glycol co-solvent.[cit
Propylene glycol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Safety
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Material Safety Data Sheet
"Hygroscopic.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes mild eye irritation. Contact may cause irritation, tearing,
and burning pain.
Skin:
Causes moderate skin irritation. Contact with the skin may cause
erythema, dryness, and defatting.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and
......... Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause
hemoglobinuric nephrosis. May cause changes in surface EEG.
Inhalation:
Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause respiratory
tract irritation.
Chronic:
May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments
have resulted in mutagenic effects. Exposure to large doses may cause
central nervous system depression. Chronic ingestion may cause lactic
acidosis and possible seizures.
**** SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES ****
Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and
water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical
aid.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing,
give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.
Notes to Physician:
Persons with impaired kidney function may be more susceptible to the
effects of this substance. Treat symptomatically and supportively."
Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are related to either inappropriate intravenous use or accidental ingestion by children.[5] The oral toxicity of propylene glycol is very low. In one study, rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% PG over a period of 104 weeks and they showed no apparent ill effects.[6] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive.
Serious toxicity will occur only at extremely high intakes over a relatively short period of time that result in plasma concentrations of over 4 g/L.[7] Such levels of ingestion would not be possible when consuming reasonable amounts of a food product or dietary supplements containing at most 1 g/kg propylene glycol.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined propylene glycol to be "generally recognized as safe" for use in food, cosmetics, and medicines. Like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol affects the body's chemistry by increasing the amount of acid. Propylene glycol is metabolized into pyruvic acid, which is a normal metabolite in the breakdown of glucose, while ethylene glycol is metabolized into oxalic acid, which is toxic.
However, propylene glycol is not approved for use in cat food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that propylene glycol in or on cat food has not been shown by adequate scientific data to be safe for use. Use of propylene glycol in or on cat food causes the feed to be adulterated and in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 21CFR589.1001
Prolonged contact with propylene glycol is essentially non-irritating to the skin. Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, and can produce slight transient conjunctivitis (the eye recovers after the exposure is removed). Exposure to mists may cause eye irritation, as well as upper respiratory tract irritation. Inhalation of the propylene glycol vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications. However, limited human experience indicates that inhalation of propylene glycol mists could be irritating to some individuals. Therefore inhalation exposure to mists of these materials should be avoided. Some research has suggested that propylene glycol not be used in applications where inhalation exposure or human eye contact with the spray mists of these materials is likely, such as fogs for theatrical productions or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[8]
Propylene glycol does not cause sensitization and it shows no evidence of being a carcinogen or of being genotoxic.[9][10]
A Clinical Journal of Medicine article states two cases of adult men experiencing psychosis from use of propylene glycol used in phenytoin injection USP. Both patients had to be switched to Cerebyx (Fosphenytoin Sodium) in order to avoid propylene glycol co-solvent.[cit
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