I just wanted to clarify that SE and NJOY are not bound by whatever position they took as a matter of legal arguments in the lower court. They can argue new legal theories on appeal. For example, they might have argued only that e-cigs were a tobacco product in the lower court, but they could argue on appeal that they are neither a tobacco product nor a drug/device, even though it appears to contradict what they argued before, and even though the argument was not made before. The parties are bound by the facts put into evidence in the lower court, not by any legal arguments they made or didn't make. So in general, legal arguments can change on appeal, and often do.
I'm not saying they're going to change strategies on appeal, or that they should, but there is certainly room to do so.
- wolf
In an appeal on the record from a decision in a judicial proceeding, both appellant and respondent
are bound to base their arguments wholly on the proceedings and body of evidence as they were presented in the lower tribunal. Each seeks to prove to the higher court that the result they desired was the just result. Precedent and case law figure prominently in the arguments.
In order for the appeal to succeed, the appellant must prove that the lower court committed reversible error, that is, an impermissible action by the court acted to cause a result that was unjust, and which would not have resulted had the court acted properly.
Some examples of reversible error would be erroneously instructing the jury on the law applicable to the case, permitting seriously improper argument by an attorney, admitting or excluding evidence improperly, acting outside the court's jurisdiction, injecting bias into the proceeding or appearing to do so, juror misconduct, etc. The failure to formally object at the time, to what one views as improper action in the lower court, may result in the affirmance of the lower court's judgment on the grounds that one did not "preserve the issue for appeal" by objecting.
In cases where a judge rather than a jury decided issues of fact, an appellate court will apply an abuse of discretion standard of review. Under this standard, the appellate court gives deference to the lower court's view of the evidence, and reverses its decision only if it were a clear abuse of discretion. This is usually defined as a decision outside the bounds of reasonableness.
On the other hand, the appellate court normally gives less deference to a lower court's decision on issues of law, and may reverse if it finds that the lower court applied the wrong legal standard.
Sun