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Chemicals in e-cigarette flavors linked to respiratory disease...?
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Diactyl scare.
Perhaps the link should be broken here as it was in this other thread from earlier today....
Perhaps the link should be broken here as it was in this other thread from earlier today....
From one top scientist to another, and just and as we were discussing in the other thread, this study did not attempt to explain how and to what extent the measured levels of diacetyl, etc., pose a health hazard.
In any case, however, I think it just might be prudent to avoid flavorings and e-liquids which contain measurable levels of these substances.
Avoid flavorings??? Yeah right. If I can't taste it, I'll be going back to cigarettes. Pretty dang sure that my 30% flavoring ADV is WAY safer than a pack a day.
Andria
Your opinion is heard.
I think it equally prudent to avoid vaping altogether if concern is that great.
There are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke and at least 69 of those chemicals are known to cause cancer. From the CDC website:
Cancer-Causing Chemicals
The list of 599 additives approved by the US Government for use in the manufacture of cigarettes is something every smoker should see. Submitted by the five major American cigarette companies to the Dept. of Health and Human Services in April of 1994
Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Lists
Our goal is harm reduction and to (for some) quit entirely. Personally I think the choice is obvious.
I've attached a three page list of what has been found, I'll take my chances.
Cancer-Causing Chemicals
- Formaldehyde: Used to embalm dead bodies
- Benzene: Found in gasoline
- Polonium 210: Radioactive and very toxic
- Vinyl chloride: Used to make pipes
- Chromium: Used to make steel
- Arsenic: Used in pesticides
- Lead: Once used in paint
- Cadmium: Used to make batteries
- Carbon monoxide: Found in car exhausts
- Hydrogen cyanide: Used in chemical weapons
- Ammonia: Used in household cleaners
- Butane: Used in lighter fluid
- Toluene: Found in paint thinners
The list of 599 additives approved by the US Government for use in the manufacture of cigarettes is something every smoker should see. Submitted by the five major American cigarette companies to the Dept. of Health and Human Services in April of 1994
Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Lists
Our goal is harm reduction and to (for some) quit entirely. Personally I think the choice is obvious.
I've attached a three page list of what has been found, I'll take my chances.
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There are three threads covering this study in this sob-forum, and one in General Vaping forum. Could we at least merge the three in this sub-forum please mods ? This was the first thread : Diactyl scare.
Let's make sure we break the links to junk science.
PLEASE READ! Breaking Links to Junk Science and Other Rubbish Posts
PLEASE READ! Breaking Links to Junk Science and Other Rubbish Posts
When vapers start dumping 50 pound bags of powdered diacetyl into mixing vats on a regular basis
without a respirator I will have cause for concern.
Regards
mike
without a respirator I will have cause for concern.
Regards
mike
Articles like this work like a left jab right cross set up. The general defamation and fear mongering of vaping across the media sets up the doubt in the minds of the public. Then 'scientific truth' delivers the 'factual' knockout blow in the minds of the uninformed.
Just another example of the level of Propaganda that Your Tax Dollar Buys. And Then the Govment Owned Media jump on it like a Pack Of Starving Wolves.
Thank you Harvard for becoming another Prostitute of The Obamanation Propaganda Network.
Thank you Harvard for becoming another Prostitute of The Obamanation Propaganda Network.
Ah! Guess I read it wrong -- I think I was desperately in need of a nap at that point.
I agree -- I try to avoid any flavors that I know contain any diketones. Not because there is any concrete evidence, but because my asthmatic lungs don't need even any POTENTIAL further strikes against them.Andria
Everyone can and will do as they wish but to me , avoiding diketone's is basic common sense 101 :
Now remember , people are consuming much much more e liquid than ever before and most are inhaling the stuff at very high wattages doing sub ohm , if you truly believe that there will be zero consequences for doing this over long periods of time then thats what you believe .
These days people have a choice , you can vape diketone loaded juice or you can vape diketone free juice , my basic common sense meter tells me to vape diketone free juice , if your's doesn't than thats unfortunate .
Is there scientific evidence at this point that vaping large quantities of diketone loaded juice at high wattages every day for many years to come will negatively effect your health , that info is unavailable now because this industry is so new , claiming that there is no evidence of it is bogus since it's way to early for evidence at this point .
Cigarette smoking took many years until serious health consequences started to reveal themselves as well , imo , i have little doubt that vaping large quantities of diketone loaded juice at sub ohm and high wattages over a decade or two will reveal very serious health consequences , just breathing it in a factory causes major issues over the long haul .
# 1 - Diacetyl permanently scars lung tissue , does it mean scarred lung tissue will cause you to die early , no it does not , to me , my common sense tells me to avoid scarring lung tissue .
# 2- Diacetyl, when used in artificial butter flavoring (as used in many consumer foods), may be hazardous when heated and inhaled over a long period.
#3- Workers who are subject to inhaling diacetyl over long periods of time have been diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans, a rare and serious disease of the lungs. The cases found have been mainly in young, healthy, nonsmoking males. As with other end-stage lung diseases, transplantation is currently the most viable treatment option. However, lung transplant rejection is very common and happens to be another setting in which bronchiolitis obliterans is known to occur.
#4-People who work with flavorings that include diacetyl are at risk for flavorings-related lung disease, to protect workers from the deleterious health effects of inhaling diacetyl vapors, the petition was followed by a letter of support signed by more than 30 prominent scientists.
# 5- OSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin and companion Worker Alert recommend employers use safety measures to avoid exposing employees to the potentially deadly effects of butter flavorings and other flavoring substances containing diacetyl or its substitutes.
#6- A preliminary in vitro study, published in 2012, suggests that diacetyl may exacerbate the effects of beta-amyloid aggregation, a process linked to Alzheimer's disease.
# 7- A 2014 publication found that diacetyl was present in many sweet-flavoured electronic cigarette liquids. According to that research, diacetyl is approved for food use, but is associated with respiratory disease when inhaled.
The study concluded that diacetyl is an avoidable risk for electronic cigarette liquid, and measures could be taken by the industry to eliminate its usage, without limiting availability of flavors. A year later still, 37 out of 51 tested liquids presented positive results
# 7- Diacetyl is used to flavor candy, chips, coffee and e-cigarettes. It also has been linked to many deaths – of people who worked at popcorn factories and flavoring companies. Scientists have been warning about the dangers associated with diacetyl for years, particularly the risks to the lungs when it is inhaled.
#8- Since 2001, academic studies have shown links between lung disease and a chemical used in artificial butter flavor called diacetyl. Obstructive lung disease is common , most of those with bronchiolitis obliteran's.
Many have below-normal lung capacity, which may be the beginning of the disease.
It's not some carcinogen where you get cancer 30 years from now or something. The people are dying right in front of you," Michaels said.
"You can't wait until you have all the evidence. You have to regulate it." Most victims have irreversible obstructive lung diseases , many are awaiting lung transplants.
There is tons more info but forget about diacetyl , lets talk about another diketone that is so prevalent in e juices :
acetyl propionyl
a solvent for cellulose acetate, paints, inks, and lacquers,
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , inhalation of acetyl propionyl causes respiratory tract epithelial damage and fibrosis to lungs in animal studies. It also causes genetic changes in the animals' brains. Acetyl propionyl was found to cause both intraluminal and intramural fibrotic airway lesions in rats .
I know some will say " but it was tested only on rodents " , that may not be good enough for you but is is for me , i believe i have a little rodent dna according to my mother.
Now here is a common sense article :
Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins
Methods: In total, 159 samples were purchased from 36 manufacturers and retailers in 7 countries. Additionally, 3 liquids were prepared by dissolving a concentrated flavor sample of known DA and AP levels at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration in a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol. Aerosol produced by an EC was analyzed to determine the concentration of DA and AP.
Results: DA and AP were found in 74.2% of the samples, with more samples containing DA. Similar concentrations were found in liquid and aerosol for both chemicals. The median daily exposure levels were 56 μg/day (IQR: 26–278 μg/day) for DA and 91 μg/day (IQR: 20–432 μg/day) for AP. They were slightly lower than the strict NIOSH-defined safety limits for occupational exposure and 100 and 10 times lower compared with smoking respectively; however, 47.3% of DA and 41.5% of AP-containing samples exposed consumers to levels higher than the safety limits.
Conclusions: DA and AP were found in a large proportion of sweet-flavored EC liquids, with many of them exposing users to higher than safety levels. Their presence in EC liquids represents an avoidable risk. Proper measures should be taken by EC liquid manufacturers and flavoring suppliers to eliminate these hazards from the products without necessarily limiting the availability of sweet flavors.
Now remember , people are consuming much much more e liquid than ever before and most are inhaling the stuff at very high wattages doing sub ohm , if you truly believe that there will be zero consequences for doing this over long periods of time then thats what you believe .
These days people have a choice , you can vape diketone loaded juice or you can vape diketone free juice , my basic common sense meter tells me to vape diketone free juice , if your's doesn't than thats unfortunate .
Is there scientific evidence at this point that vaping large quantities of diketone loaded juice at high wattages every day for many years to come will negatively effect your health , that info is unavailable now because this industry is so new , claiming that there is no evidence of it is bogus since it's way to early for evidence at this point .
Cigarette smoking took many years until serious health consequences started to reveal themselves as well , imo , i have little doubt that vaping large quantities of diketone loaded juice at sub ohm and high wattages over a decade or two will reveal very serious health consequences , just breathing it in a factory causes major issues over the long haul .
# 1 - Diacetyl permanently scars lung tissue , does it mean scarred lung tissue will cause you to die early , no it does not , to me , my common sense tells me to avoid scarring lung tissue .
# 2- Diacetyl, when used in artificial butter flavoring (as used in many consumer foods), may be hazardous when heated and inhaled over a long period.
#3- Workers who are subject to inhaling diacetyl over long periods of time have been diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans, a rare and serious disease of the lungs. The cases found have been mainly in young, healthy, nonsmoking males. As with other end-stage lung diseases, transplantation is currently the most viable treatment option. However, lung transplant rejection is very common and happens to be another setting in which bronchiolitis obliterans is known to occur.
#4-People who work with flavorings that include diacetyl are at risk for flavorings-related lung disease, to protect workers from the deleterious health effects of inhaling diacetyl vapors, the petition was followed by a letter of support signed by more than 30 prominent scientists.
# 5- OSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin and companion Worker Alert recommend employers use safety measures to avoid exposing employees to the potentially deadly effects of butter flavorings and other flavoring substances containing diacetyl or its substitutes.
#6- A preliminary in vitro study, published in 2012, suggests that diacetyl may exacerbate the effects of beta-amyloid aggregation, a process linked to Alzheimer's disease.
# 7- A 2014 publication found that diacetyl was present in many sweet-flavoured electronic cigarette liquids. According to that research, diacetyl is approved for food use, but is associated with respiratory disease when inhaled.
The study concluded that diacetyl is an avoidable risk for electronic cigarette liquid, and measures could be taken by the industry to eliminate its usage, without limiting availability of flavors. A year later still, 37 out of 51 tested liquids presented positive results
# 7- Diacetyl is used to flavor candy, chips, coffee and e-cigarettes. It also has been linked to many deaths – of people who worked at popcorn factories and flavoring companies. Scientists have been warning about the dangers associated with diacetyl for years, particularly the risks to the lungs when it is inhaled.
#8- Since 2001, academic studies have shown links between lung disease and a chemical used in artificial butter flavor called diacetyl. Obstructive lung disease is common , most of those with bronchiolitis obliteran's.
Many have below-normal lung capacity, which may be the beginning of the disease.
It's not some carcinogen where you get cancer 30 years from now or something. The people are dying right in front of you," Michaels said.
"You can't wait until you have all the evidence. You have to regulate it." Most victims have irreversible obstructive lung diseases , many are awaiting lung transplants.
There is tons more info but forget about diacetyl , lets talk about another diketone that is so prevalent in e juices :
acetyl propionyl
a solvent for cellulose acetate, paints, inks, and lacquers,
- a starting material for dyes, pesticides and drugs,
- and an artificial flavor, with an odor described as "buttery, cheesy, sweet, nutty, fruity, creamy, caramel".
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , inhalation of acetyl propionyl causes respiratory tract epithelial damage and fibrosis to lungs in animal studies. It also causes genetic changes in the animals' brains. Acetyl propionyl was found to cause both intraluminal and intramural fibrotic airway lesions in rats .
I know some will say " but it was tested only on rodents " , that may not be good enough for you but is is for me , i believe i have a little rodent dna according to my mother.
Now here is a common sense article :
Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate sweet-flavored electronic cigarette (EC) liquids for the presence of diacetyl (DA) and acetyl propionyl (AP), which are chemicals approved for food use but are associated with respiratory disease when inhaled.
Methods: In total, 159 samples were purchased from 36 manufacturers and retailers in 7 countries. Additionally, 3 liquids were prepared by dissolving a concentrated flavor sample of known DA and AP levels at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration in a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol. Aerosol produced by an EC was analyzed to determine the concentration of DA and AP.
Results: DA and AP were found in 74.2% of the samples, with more samples containing DA. Similar concentrations were found in liquid and aerosol for both chemicals. The median daily exposure levels were 56 μg/day (IQR: 26–278 μg/day) for DA and 91 μg/day (IQR: 20–432 μg/day) for AP. They were slightly lower than the strict NIOSH-defined safety limits for occupational exposure and 100 and 10 times lower compared with smoking respectively; however, 47.3% of DA and 41.5% of AP-containing samples exposed consumers to levels higher than the safety limits.
Conclusions: DA and AP were found in a large proportion of sweet-flavored EC liquids, with many of them exposing users to higher than safety levels. Their presence in EC liquids represents an avoidable risk. Proper measures should be taken by EC liquid manufacturers and flavoring suppliers to eliminate these hazards from the products without necessarily limiting the availability of sweet flavors.
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Dr.F: “tobacco cigarette smoke contains high levels of diacetyl and acetyl propionyl, on average 100 and 10 times higher,” compared to average e-cigarette exposure.
But even more concerning for those who may want to exaggerate the risks of using e-cigarettes, is that even tobacco smoke has no identifiable link with any cases of popcorn lung.
According to Critical Reviews in Toxicology, “smoking has not been shown to be a risk factor for bronchiolitis (popcorn lung).“
Since tobacco smoke contains far higher levels of diacetyl than flavored e-cigarettes and there has not been a single confirmed case of a smoker contracting popcorn lung, the likelihood that vapers will contract this particular lung disease is minimal, to say the least.
Read more: http://dailycaller.com/2015/12/09/how-the-media-totally-exaggerated-study-on-risk-of-popcorn-lung-from-e-cigarettes/#ixzz3tqqAFIkh
But even more concerning for those who may want to exaggerate the risks of using e-cigarettes, is that even tobacco smoke has no identifiable link with any cases of popcorn lung.
According to Critical Reviews in Toxicology, “smoking has not been shown to be a risk factor for bronchiolitis (popcorn lung).“
Since tobacco smoke contains far higher levels of diacetyl than flavored e-cigarettes and there has not been a single confirmed case of a smoker contracting popcorn lung, the likelihood that vapers will contract this particular lung disease is minimal, to say the least.
Read more: http://dailycaller.com/2015/12/09/how-the-media-totally-exaggerated-study-on-risk-of-popcorn-lung-from-e-cigarettes/#ixzz3tqqAFIkh
I think you misunderstand. When they say that “smoking has not been shown to be a risk factor for bronchiolitis [obliterans] (popcorn lung).“ it does not mean that "there has not been a single confirmed case of a smoker contracting popcorn lung." There have been such cases. It simply means that smokers are no more likely to get bronchiolitis obliterans than non-smokers.
I quoted the article.... so it's someone else who 'doesn't understand'. Perhaps whoever wrote the "Critical Reviews of Toxocilogy":
Jennifer S. Pierce*a, Anders Abelmanna, Lauren J. Spicera, Rebecca E. Adamsa & Brent L. Finley who did the study.
Again, quoting the article...
WRT the study above:
"We found that diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposures from cigarette smoking far exceed occupational exposures for most food/flavoring workers who smoke. This suggests that previous claims of a significant exposure–response relationship between diacetyl inhalation and respiratory disease in food/flavoring workers were confounded*, because none of the investigations considered or quantified the non-occupational diacetyl exposure from cigarette smoke, yet all of the cohorts evaluated had considerable smoking histories. Further, because smoking has not been shown to be a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans, our findings are inconsistent with claims that diacetyl and/or 2,3-pentanedione exposure are risk factors for this disease."
An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie
(despite the 'error' message - the link to the study still works. )
* For those who don't know (I know Carol does):
In statistics, a confounding variable (also confounding factor, a confound, or confounder) is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (directly or inversely) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable.
I believe this calls into question any direct link between diacetyl/AP and bronchiolitis obliterans. I don't doubt the cases of the flavoring workers - just that there were 'confounding factors' other than diacetyl or AP (Acetylpropionyl)
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