Well, all you are going to get in response to this is opinions, mostly real strong ones

, but I am sorry to say that there is no definite answer.
And I don't know anything about proteges, but I have a 901 and a 510, and I've read a lot on the forums and done a lot of personal experimentation, so my opinionated answer is neither, directly. But the simple response is that for a particular
eliquid, you get more throat hit with a 510. Perhaps you can just go with that.
IN my opinion, the amount of biochemically available nicotine (no, I don't really know what that means, lol) in a mouthful of vapor is primarily what determines the strength of the throat and nose hit. I assume also that the warmth of that vapor might affect throat hit somewhat, warmer vapor making the nicotine more available chemically. The 510 atty runs hotter than the 901 with their standard batteries, but I don't know what the difference would be on a protege. Others will need to chime in with that info.
And voltage and atomizer design can both affect the amount of nicotine in the vapor, as can the eLiquid to atomizer delivery method (cart design and mods/cart filler/dripping/dipping/etc)
For example, higher battery voltage = hotter atomizer = thicker vapor = more nicotine in a mouthful of vapor = more nicotine per mouthful = more throat hit.
And the atomizer's design affects how well it wicks eLiquid to the coil = more liquid on coil = thicker vapor... etc.
So additionally, the method of delivering the eLiquid to the atomizer has an effect - hence the proponents of dipping and dripping, the surest methods of maximizing the amount of eLiquid going to the coil.
I hope that is a good starting point for discussion of this topic
