constantly no, rooting really isn't that big of an operation, too many people confuse it with the iCult equivalent of jailbreaking.....rooting is, imho, totally different....
a brief explanation: linux is the OS and kernel that android is based off of, and both OS's are open source...meaning you are free to do with the OS as you wish, you can distribute it freely, you can modify it at will....there are no "rules and limitations" as set fourth by apple in iOS, there are absolutely no parameters that need to be followed....
all that being said, having root access just means you have access to protected files and total control of the OS from a kernel level, its not much different from having administrator rights on your windows pc or mac, it was derived as rooting because in linux, the root (or /) is where all commands begin.
much like administrative rights, android grands you superuser rights after you have achieved root access, giving you TOTAL CONTROL over your device, up to and including the ability to modify your radio, your bootloader, your whitelist/blacklist, and of course, the operating system itself.....
under super user, you'll find there are a number of things your device is capable of that you would not have thought before having it, even more than a jailbroken iPhone, and my familiarity with linux just cements my opinion that android is simply the best mobile OS on the planet at the moment.
I've always liked this explanation of developer terminology for new folks:
Your phone is a car.
ROM = The chassis
Kernel = The engine
Theme = The paint job