I don't think they're purposefully added. There are several plants that have MAO inhibitive effects, some with SRI/SSRI effects. It's all very depressing to read.
Deeming Regulations have been released!!!!
- Thread starter Oliver
- Start date
- th_trl_thread_readers 0
I'm sure California wishes they could raise their age of purchase of NRT to 21 like cigs and vapes, but for those damn feds making it 18! Not really, but it's all so crazy.
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a mitochondrial outer-membrane flavoenzyme involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines, including neurotoxic amines, and a well-known target for antidepressant and neuroprotective drugs. Recently, positron emission tomography imaging has shown that smokers have a much lower activity of peripheral and brain MAO-A (30%) and -B (40%) isozymes compared to non-smokers. This MAO inhibition results from a pharmacological effect of smoke, but little is known about its mechanism. Working with mainstream smoke collected from commercial cigarettes we confirmed that cigarette smoke is a potent inhibitor of human MAO-A and -B isozymes. MAO inhibition was partly reversible, competitive for MAO-A, and a mixed-type inhibition for MAO-B. Two beta-carboline alkaloids, norharman (beta-carboline) and harman (1-methyl-beta-carboline), were identified by GC-MS, quantified, and isolated from the mainstream smoke by solid phase extraction and HPLC. Kinetics analysis revealed that beta-carbolines from cigarette smoke were competitive, reversible, and potent inhibitors of MAO enzymes. Norharman was an inhibitor of MAO-A (K(i)=1.2+/-0.18muM) and MAO-B (K(i)=1.12+/-0.19muM), and harman of MAO-A (K(i)=55.54+/-5.3nM). beta-Carboline alkaloids are psychopharmacologically active compounds that may occur endogenously in human tissues, including the brain. These results suggest that beta-carboline alkaloids from cigarette smoke acting as potent reversible inhibitors of MAO enzymes may contribute to the MAO-reduced activity produced by tobacco smoke in smokers. The presence of MAO inhibitors in smoke like beta-carbolines and others may help us to understand some of the purported neuropharmacological effects associated with smoking
I guess that only applies to ecigs, not patches, gum or nic inhalers
Caffeine Use in Children: What we know, what we have left to learn, and why we should worry
The purpose of this article is to review what is known about caffeine use in children and adolescents, to discuss why children and adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of caffeine, and to propose how caffeine consumption within this population may potentiate the rewarding properties of other substances.
Protect the children!
My apologies Kent. I realized after the fact I should have pointed out
you were accurately citing a source.
Ditto to the rest of your comments.
Regards
Mike
Having read this whole thread, plus many (not all) of the linked articles and other information, it seems to me that the FDA could have accomplished its goal by simply requiring that all e-juice be 0% nicotine. That knocks out the whole tobacco connection right there as far as the industry goes. What individuals choose to add to their e-juice can't be controlled, no way no how.
My understanding is that e-juice is made from food-grade flavorings (are they regulated already by the FDA?), and PG and VG that are fit for human consumption (so are they regulated already by the FDA?). If the flavorings and PG/VG are already regulated or approved for human consumption use by the FDA, then seems like e-juice manufacturers would -- at most -- only need to supply their recipes to the FDA.
That being said, I feel it's fairly likely that the FDA regs as presently compiled will be reined in via some type of government or judicial action because they are overbroad, unwieldy and difficult to enforce. I had a good chuckle over the points made that one's keyboard, computer, Internet connection and etc. could be deemed "a tobacco product" -- but that's the "overbroad" problem and any language in the regs that leaks like this needs to be refined.
My understanding is that e-juice is made from food-grade flavorings (are they regulated already by the FDA?), and PG and VG that are fit for human consumption (so are they regulated already by the FDA?). If the flavorings and PG/VG are already regulated or approved for human consumption use by the FDA, then seems like e-juice manufacturers would -- at most -- only need to supply their recipes to the FDA.
That being said, I feel it's fairly likely that the FDA regs as presently compiled will be reined in via some type of government or judicial action because they are overbroad, unwieldy and difficult to enforce. I had a good chuckle over the points made that one's keyboard, computer, Internet connection and etc. could be deemed "a tobacco product" -- but that's the "overbroad" problem and any language in the regs that leaks like this needs to be refined.
That won't keep them from seeing adult products being advertised on TV. Might need stronger protections, but leave a bit air to breathe.
This should get you started and this list is contained in the Draft Guidance on PMTA
FDA recommends that you consider the following constituents28 for analysis in e-liquids and 1026 aerosols, as appropriate, for your product: 1027
1028
• Acetaldehyde 1029
• Acetyl Propionyl (also known as 2,3-pentanedione) 1030
• Acrolein 1031
• Acrylonitrile 1032
• 4-Aminobiphenyl 1033
• 1-Aminonaphthalene 1034
• 2-Aminonaphthalene 1035
• Ammonia 1036
• Anabasine 1037
• Benzene 1038
• Benzo[a]pyrene 1039
• 1,3-Butadiene
• Chromium 1042
• Crotonaldehyde 1043
• Diacetyl 1044
• Diethylene glycol 1045
• Ethylene glycol 1046
• Formaldehyde 1047
• Glycerol 1048
• Isoprene 1049
• Lead 1050
• Menthol 1051
• Nickel 1052
• Nicotine, including total nicotine and unprotonated nicotine 1053
• NNK (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) 1054
• NNN (N-nitrosonornicotine) 1055
• Propylene glycol 1056
• Toluene 1057
• Other constituents, as appropriate
HTH
My apologies. I forgot to quote the footnote after the above list and I have bolded part of it:
28 These constituents are constituents that, to FDA’s current thinking, potentially could cause health hazards depending on the level, absorption, or interaction with other constituents. FDA intends to establish a revised list of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) that include HPHCs in ENDS products in the Federal Register, issue guidance regarding constituent reporting (i.e., harmful or potentially harmful constituent (HPHC) reporting) under section 904(a)(3) of the FD&C Act, and later issue a testing and reporting regulation as required by section 915. While applicants should submit certain information about HPHCs as part of their applications, the requirement to submit HPHC listings under section 904 of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 387d) is separate and distinct from the premarket review requirements under section 910. HPHC information submitted under section 904 will assist FDA in assessing potential health risks and determining if future regulations to address a product’s health risks are warranted. For PMTAs, FDA expects that applicants will report the levels of HPHCs as appropriate for each product, so the reported HPHCs will differ among different product categories. The Agency recommends that manufacturers consult with CTP’s Office of Science about what is appropriate in the context of a specific application.
See what they did. Another complex and confusing bureaucratic layer and a CYA so later than can continue to revise and hammer us. I'm sorry, I have a huge and throbbing headache trying my best to make sense of this. I'm going to take a nap! /lol
Take care of yourself. Don't let the FDA destroy you. Thanks for your posts.
In 2011 when the Obama administration shut down most online poker sites, one of the reasons was "think of the chillun that may gamble!" When California Democrats were trying to get racial quotas reinstated in the workplace and universities of California in 2014 it was also "think of the chillun!" Now with vaping having these harsh regulations it's also, "think of the chillun!"
I guess "think of the chillun" is the go to excuse for big nanny state regulations and laws.
I guess "think of the chillun" is the go to excuse for big nanny state regulations and laws.
I have no idea. I remember reading a study about nicotine in cigarettes and that the coined "freebase nicotine" content was highest is American Spirits. I don't remember where I read it and I have no links for it.
I've smoked plenty of premium cigars in my life. I inhaled plenty too. I would usually have to smoke a cigarette after my cigar to finish the job. lol.
That would make sense, since they don't have ammonia added, which converts freebase to salts (I think I have that right).
Similar threads
- Locked
